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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Climate >Improved sea ice shortwave radiation physics in CCSM4: the impact of melt ponds and aerosols on Arctic sea ice.
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Improved sea ice shortwave radiation physics in CCSM4: the impact of melt ponds and aerosols on Arctic sea ice.

机译：CCSM4中改进的海冰短波辐射物理：融化的池塘和气溶胶对北极海冰的影响。

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摘要

The Community Climate System Model, version 4 has revisions across all components. For sea ice, the most notable improvements are the incorporation of a new shortwave radiative transfer scheme and the capabilities that this enables. This scheme uses inherent optical properties to define scattering and absorption characteristics of snow, ice, and included shortwave absorbers and explicitly allows for melt ponds and aerosols. The deposition and cycling of aerosols in sea ice is now included, and a new parameterization derives ponded water from the surface meltwater flux. Taken together, this provides a more sophisticated, accurate, and complete treatment of sea ice radiative transfer. In preindustrial CO2 simulations, the radiative impact of ponds and aerosols on Arctic sea ice is 1.1 W m-2 annually, with aerosols accounting for up to 8 W m-2 of enhanced June shortwave absorption in the Barents and Kara Seas and with ponds accounting for over 10 W m-2 in shelf regions in July. In double CO2 (2XCO2) simulations with the same aerosol deposition, ponds have a larger effect, whereas aerosol effects are reduced, thereby modifying the surface albedo feedback. Although the direct forcing is modest, because aerosols and ponds influence the albedo, the response is amplified. In simulations with no ponds or aerosols in sea ice, the Arctic ice is over 1 m thicker and retains more summer ice cover. Diagnosis of a twentieth-century simulation indicates an increased radiative forcing from aerosols and melt ponds, which could play a role in twentieth-century Arctic sea ice reductions. In contrast, ponds and aerosol deposition have little effect on Antarctic sea ice for all climates considered.
机译：社区气候系统模型第4版对所有组件进行了修订。对于海冰，最显着的改进是新的短波辐射传输方案及其所具备的功能。该方案使用固有的光学特性来定义雪，冰以及包括的短波吸收剂的散射和吸收特性，并明确允许使用融化池和气溶胶。现在包括了海冰中气溶胶的沉积和循环，并且进行了新的参数化处理，从地表融水通量中提取池水。综上所述，这提供了对海冰辐射传递的更复杂，准确和完整的处理。在工业前CO 2 模拟中，池塘和气溶胶对北极海冰的辐射影响每年为1.1 W m -2 ，其中气溶胶占8 W m -2 增强了6月在巴伦支和卡拉海的短波吸收，池塘在7月的陆架区域占10 W m -2 。在具有相同气溶胶沉积的双CO 2 （2XCO 2 ）模拟中，池塘的影响更大，而气溶胶的影响减小，从而改变了地表反照率反馈。尽管直接强迫作用不大，但由于气溶胶和池塘会影响反照率，因此会放大响应。在没有池塘或气溶胶的海冰模拟中，北极冰层的厚度超过1 m，并保留了更多的夏季冰层。二十世纪模拟的诊断表明，来自气溶胶和融化池的辐射强迫增加，这可能在二十世纪北极海冰减少中起作用。相反，在所有考虑的气候条件下，池塘和气溶胶沉积对南极海冰的影响均很小。

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