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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Coastal Research: An International Forum for the Littoral Sciences >Ancient Archaeological Sites Buried and Submerged along Egypt's Nile Delta Coast: Gauges of Holocene Delta Margin Subsidence
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Ancient Archaeological Sites Buried and Submerged along Egypt's Nile Delta Coast: Gauges of Holocene Delta Margin Subsidence

机译：埃及尼罗河三角洲沿岸埋没并淹没的古代考古遗址：全新世三角洲边缘沉降量表

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摘要

For calculating subsidence rates along the Nile Delta coastal margin, archaeological site data provide more accurate temporal and elevation control relative to Holocene sea levels than chronostratigraphic analyses of radiocarbon-dated sediment cores. Recently acquired data on the depth and age of 11 buried and/or submerged levels of human activity at seven ancient sites serve to calculate average annual rates of subsidence along the northern Nile Delta margin during the middle to late Holocene. Subsidence rates range from 0.9 to 4.3 mm/yr, varying irregularly from west to east along the northern delta coast, and averaging similar to 2.5 mm/yr for 11 data points on the margin as a whole. Subsidence rate is directly related to thickness of sediment section, with highest values in the eastern part of Manzala lagoon and at coastal promontories of the Damietta and Rosetta branches. This, in large part, is a function of underlying sediment compaction plus sediment loading and readjustment of strata at depth. Short-term natural events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, Nile floods, and winter storm surges also serve as triggers of subsidence. An additional important factor is human activity, such as construction of large structures on water-saturated substrates. Most modern towns along this increasingly populous delta margin are located in low-lying vulnerable settings presently subject to subsidence, a phenomenon that warrants close monitoring and increased implementation of protective measures.
机译：为了计算尼罗河三角洲沿海边缘的沉降率，相对于全新世海平面，考古现场数据提供了比放射性碳定年沉积岩心的年代地层学更准确的时间和海拔控制。最近获得的有关七个古代遗址的11种埋葬和/或淹没人类活动水平和深度的数据可用于计算全新世中期至晚期在尼罗河三角洲北部边缘的年平均沉降率。沉降速率范围从0.9到4.3毫米/年，沿着北部三角洲海岸从西到东不规则地变化，并且对于整个边缘的11个数据点，平均沉降率类似于2.5毫米/年。沉降速率与沉积物厚度直接相关，在曼萨拉泻湖的东部以及达米埃塔和罗塞塔分支的沿海海角中沉降值最高。这在很大程度上是底层泥沙压实，泥沙负荷和深层地层调整的函数。诸如地震，海啸，尼罗河洪水和冬季风暴潮等短期自然事件也可能是造成沉降的诱因。另一个重要因素是人类活动，例如在水饱和的基材上构造大型结构。这个人口稠密的三角洲边缘的大多数现代城镇都位于地势低洼的脆弱地区，目前容易下沉，这一现象值得密切监测并采取更多的保护措施。

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