Ampullary adenocarcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumour of the small bowel and Vaterian adenoma represents 14 to 20% of benign tumours of the small bowel. Endoscopic ampullectomy concerns adenomas or even adenocarcinomas if they are strictly intramucosal [1]. Adenocarcinomas and adenomas represent 50% and 30%, respectively, of ampullary tumours. The adenoma-cancer relation with a picture of colonic carcinogenesis seems to be established for this type of tumour. There is no known epidemiol