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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of cross-cultural psychology >What Kinds of Value Motives Guide People in Their Moral Attitudes? The Role of Personal and Prescriptive Values at the Culture Level and Individual Level
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What Kinds of Value Motives Guide People in Their Moral Attitudes? The Role of Personal and Prescriptive Values at the Culture Level and Individual Level

机译：什么样的价值动机可以指导人们的道德态度？个人和规范价值观在文化和个人层面的作用

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Opinions about moralized issues are arguably one of the most difficult issues in interpersonal dialogues given that they can result in intolerance and prejudicial behavior toward those with divergent moral beliefs. Recent research has shown that moral attitudes vary not only depending on the individual's characteristics but also as a function of culture. Individuals from individualistic-oriented cultures exhibit more lenient judgments toward moralized issues than those from collectivistic-oriented cultures. What is unclear to date is what kinds of cultural value motives underlie these attitudesAre they driven only by intrinsic value motives (personal values) or also by extrinsic value motives (prescriptive values in the form of societal expectations about what should be valued)? The cultural press to conform is arguably stronger if moral attitudes are predicted by the latter. Participants from eight countries (N = 1,456) responded to a questionnaire containing a modified version of the Schwartz Value Survey assessing personal and prescriptive values. The results showed that personal value ratings of openness-to-change versus conservation at the culture and individual levels were predictive of individuals' moral attitudes consistent with previous findings. Prescriptive value ratings of openness-to-change versus conservation also predicted individuals' moral attitudes, but only at the aggregated culture level. This suggests that the prescriptive values concept is a truly group-level phenomenon and that attitudes toward moralized issues are guided by cultural values with normative qualities. We discuss the implications for intercultural contact situations.
机译：关于道德问题的观点可以说是人际对话中最困难的问题之一，因为它们可能导致对具有不同道德信念的人的不宽容和偏见行为。最近的研究表明，道德态度不仅随个人特征而异，而且随文化而变。与集体主义文化相比，个人主义文化的个体对道德问题的判断更为宽大。迄今尚不清楚的是，哪种文化价值动机是这些态度的根源？它们是仅由内在价值动机（个人价值）还是由外在价值动机（以对期望价值的社会期望形式的规定性价值）驱动？如果后者能够预言道德态度，那么可以顺应的文化媒体就可以说更强大。来自八个国家（N = 1,456）的参与者回答了一份问卷，该问卷包含经修订的Schwartz价值调查，用于评估个人和规定性价值。结果表明，在文化和个人层面上，开放变化与保护的个人价值观是对个人道德态度的预测，与先前的发现一致。开放性与保护性之间的规定性价值评级也可以预测个人的道德态度，但只能在总体文化水平上进行。这表明，规定性价值观概念是一个真正的群体层面的现象，对道德化问题的态度是由具有规范性的文化价值观所指导的。我们讨论了对跨文化交往情况的影响。

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