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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Meteorology >Atmospheric latent heating distributions in the tropics derived from satellite passive microwave radiometer measurements
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Atmospheric latent heating distributions in the tropics derived from satellite passive microwave radiometer measurements

机译：从卫星被动微波辐射计测量得出的热带大气潜热分布

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摘要

A method for the remote sensing of three,dimensional latent heating distributions in precipitating tropical weather systems from satellite passive microwave observations is presented. In this method, cloud model simulated hydrometeor/latent heating vertical profiles that have radiative characteristics consistent with a given set of multispectral microwave radiometric observations are composited to create a best estimate of the observed profile. An estimate of the areal coverage of convective precipitation within the radiometer footprint is used as an additional constraint on the contributing model profiles. This constraint leads to more definitive retrieved profiles of precipitation and latent heating in synthetic data tests. The remote sensing method is applied to Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) observations of tropical systems that occurred during the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period, and to observations of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Although instantaneous estimates of rain rates are high-biased with respect to coincident radar rain estimates, precipitation patterns are reasonably correlated with radar patterns, and composite rain rate and latent heating profiles show respectable agreement with estimates from forecast models and heat and moisture budget calculations. Uncertainties in the remote sensing estimates of precipitation/latent heating may be partly attributed to the relatively low spatial resolution of the SSM/I and a lack of microwave sensitivity to tenuous anvil cloud, for which upper-tropospheric latent heating rates may be significant. Estimated latent heating distributions in Hurricane Andrew exhibit an upper-level heating maximum that strengthens as the storm undergoes a period of intensification.
机译：提出了一种从卫星无源微波观测中遥感热带天气系统中三维潜热分布的遥感方法。在这种方法中，将云模型模拟的水汽/潜热垂直剖面（具有与给定的一组多光谱微波辐射测量观测值一致的辐射特征）合成，以创建观测到的剖面的最佳估计值。辐射计覆盖范围内对流降水面积覆盖的估计值用作对贡献模型剖面的附加约束。这种限制导致在合成数据测试中更确定的降水和潜热剖面。遥感方法适用于在TOGA COARE密集观测期发生的热带系统的特殊传感器微波/成像仪（SSM / I）观测，以及安德鲁飓风（1992）的观测。尽管相对于同时发生的雷达降雨估计，降雨率的瞬时估计值偏高，但降水模式与雷达模式具有合理的相关性，复合降雨率和潜热廓线与预测模型以及热量和水分预算计算得出的估计值一致。降水/潜热的遥感估算的不确定性可能部分归因于SSM / I的相对较低的空间分辨率以及对脆弱的铁砧云的微波敏感性不足，对流层上潜热速率可能很重要。在飓风安德鲁中，估计的潜在供热分布表现出较高的最高供暖水平，随着风暴经历了一段强化期，该最高供暖水平将增强。

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