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Sensitivity of Surface Ozone Simulation to Cumulus Parameterization

机译：地表臭氧模拟对积云参数化的敏感性

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摘要

Different cumulus schemes cause significant discrepancies in simulated precipitation, cloud cover, and temperature, which in turn lead to remarkable differences in simulated biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and surface ozone concentrations. As part of an effort to investigate the impact (and its uncertainty) of climate changes on U.S. air quality, this study evaluates the sensitivity of BVOC emissions and surface ozone concentrations to the Grell (GR) and Kain-Fritsch (KF) cumulus parameterizations. Overall, using the KF scheme yields less cloud cover, larger incident solar radiation, warmer surface temperature, and higher boundary layer height and hence generates more BVOC emissions than those using the GR scheme. As a result, the KF (versus GR) scheme produces more than 10 ppb of summer mean daily maximum 8-h ozone concentration over broad regions, resulting in a doubling of the number of high-ozone occurrences. The contributions of meteorological conditions versus BVOC emissions on regional ozone sensitivities to the choice of the cumulus scheme largely offset each other in the California and Texas regions, but the contrast in BVOC emissions dominates over that in the meteorological conditions for ozone differences in the Midwest and Northeast regions. The result demonstrates the necessity of considering the uncertainty of future ozone projections that are identified with alternative model physics configurations.
机译：不同的积云方案会导致模拟降水，云层覆盖和温度方面的显着差异，从而导致模拟生物成因挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）排放量和地表臭氧浓度的显着差异。为了研究气候变化对美国空气质量的影响（及其不确定性），本研究评估了BVOC排放和地表臭氧浓度对Grell（GR）和Kain-Fritsch（KF）积云参数化的敏感性。总体而言，使用KF方案产生的云量较少，入射太阳辐射较大，表面温度较高，边界层高度更高，因此与GR方案相比，产生的BVOC排放量更多。结果，KF（相对于GR）方案在广阔区域产生的夏季平均每日最大8小时臭氧浓度超过10 ppb，导致高臭氧发生次数增加了一倍。气象条件与BVOC排放对区域臭氧敏感性的影响对积云方案的选择在加利福尼亚州和德克萨斯州地区相互抵消，但是BVOC排放的差异比中西部和西北地区臭氧差异的气象条件要大。东北地区。结果表明有必要考虑使用替代模型物理配置确定的未来臭氧预测的不确定性。

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