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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology >An Investigation of the Influence of Droplet Number Concentration and Giant Aerosol Particles upon Supercooled Large Drop Formation in Wintertime Stratiform Clouds
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An Investigation of the Influence of Droplet Number Concentration and Giant Aerosol Particles upon Supercooled Large Drop Formation in Wintertime Stratiform Clouds

机译：冬季层状云中液滴数浓度和巨型气溶胶颗粒对过冷大液滴形成的影响研究

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摘要

Supercooled large drops (SLD) can be a significant hazard for aviation. Past studies have shown that warm-rain processes are prevalent, or even dominant, in stratiform clouds containing SLD, but the primary factors that control SLD production are still not well understood. Giant aerosol particles have been shown to accelerate the formation of the first drizzle drops in some clouds and thus are a viable source of SLD, but observational support for testing their effectiveness in supercooled stratiformclouds has been lacking. In this study, new observations collected during six research flights from the Alliance Icing Research Study II (AIRS II) are analyzed to assess the factors that may be relevant to SLD formation, with a particular emphasis on theimportance of giant aerosol particles. An initial comparison of observed giant aerosol particle number concentrations with the observed SLD suggests that they were present in sufficient numbers to be the source of the SLD. However, microphysical calculations within an adiabatic parcel model, initialized with the observed aerosol distributions and cloud properties, suggest that the giant aerosol particles were only a limited source of SLD. More SLD was produced in the modeled clouds with low droplet concentrations, simply by an efficient warm-rain process acting at temperatures below 0°C. For cases in which the warm-rain process is limited by a higher droplet concentration and small cloud depth/ liquid water content, the giant aerosol particles were then the only source of SLD. The modeling results are consistent with the observed trends in SLD across the six AIRS II cases.
机译：过冷的大滴（SLD）对航空业可能构成重大危害。过去的研究表明，在包含SLD的层状云中，暖雨过程普遍存在，甚至占主导地位，但控制SLD产生的主要因素仍未得到很好的理解。巨大的气溶胶颗粒已显示出会加速某些云层中第一个细雨滴的形成，因此是SLD的可行来源，但一直缺乏观察性证据来证明其在过冷的层状云中的有效性。在这项研究中，对从联盟结冰研究研究II（AIRS II）进行的六次研究飞行中收集到的新观测结果进行了分析，以评估可能与SLD形成有关的因素，尤其着重于巨型气溶胶颗粒的重要性。观测到的巨大气溶胶颗粒浓度与观测到的SLD的初步比较表明，它们存在的数量足以成为SLD的来源。但是，绝热包裹模型中的微物理计算（以观察到的气溶胶分布和云特性初始化）表明，巨大的气溶胶颗粒只是SLD的有限来源。仅通过在低于0°C的温度下起作用的有效温雨过程，在具有低液滴浓度的模拟云中就会产生更多的SLD。对于温雨过程受较高的液滴浓度和较小的云深/液态水含量限制的情况，那么巨大的气溶胶颗粒便是SLD的唯一来源。建模结果与在六个AIRS II案例中观察到的SLD趋势一致。

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