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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied microbiology >Germination and outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis spores in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs
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Germination and outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis spores in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs

机译：猪胃肠道中枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌孢子的萌发和生长

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Aims: To determine if orally ingested Bacillus spores used as probiotics or direct-fed microbial feed additives germinate and the vegetative cells grow in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Methods and Results: Three independent experiments were done to determine if spores of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis germinate and grow in the GI tract of pigs. After a 2 weeks spore-feeding period, spores were detected in all segments of the GI tract. The lowest number of spores was found in the stomach, increasing in the small intestine to approx. 55% of the dietary inclusion. When spores were withdrawn from the feed, faecal excretion of spores reflected the dietary inclusion, but decreased gradually to the background level after 1 week. By containing spores in short, sealed pieces of dialysis membrane that were orally administered to the pigs, both the number of spores and vegetative cells could be determined by flow cytometry. Spores accounted for 72% of the total counts after 4-6 h in the stomach and proximal part of the small intestine. After 24 h, spores constituted only 12% of the total counts in the stomach, caecum, and mid-colon. Less spores and more vegetative cells were detected after 24 h, but total counts increased only 2.14-fold compared to time zero. Conclusions: The experiments showed that 70-90% of dietary-supplemented Bacillus spores germinate in the proximal part of the pig GI tract, and that only limited outgrowth of the vegetative cell population occurs. The two Bacillus strains can temporarily remain in the GI system, but will be unable to permanently colonize the GI tract. Significance and Impact of the Study: A substantial population of growing vegetative cells in the GI tract is not a prerequisite for the mode of action of Bacillus feed additives and probiotics.
机译：目的：确定经口服摄取的用作益生菌或直接饲喂微生物饲料添加剂的芽孢杆菌孢子是否发芽，并且营养细胞在胃肠道中生长。方法和结果：进行了三个独立的实验，以确定地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的孢子是否在猪的胃肠道中萌发并生长。在2周的孢子饲养期后，在胃肠道的所有段中都检测到了孢子。在胃中发现的孢子数量最少，在小肠中增加到大约20μg。 55％的膳食包含物。从饲料中取出孢子后，粪便中的孢子排泄量反映了膳食中的包容性，但在1周后逐渐降至本底水平。通过将短小，密封的透析膜中的孢子包含在口服的猪体内，可以通过流式细胞术确定孢子和营养细胞的数量。胃和小肠近端4-6小时后，孢子占总数的72％。 24小时后，在胃，盲肠和中部结肠中，孢子仅占总数的12％。 24小时后检测到较少的孢子和更多的营养细胞，但总计数与零时相比仅增加了2.14倍。结论：实验表明，膳食补充的芽孢杆菌孢子中有70-90％在猪胃肠道的近端发芽，并且仅发生了有限的营养细胞群生长。这两种芽孢杆菌菌株可以暂时保留在胃肠道系统中，但无法永久定居在胃肠道中。研究的意义和影响：胃肠道中大量生长的营养细胞并不是芽孢杆菌饲料添加剂和益生菌作用方式的先决条件。

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