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Assessment of BRAF and KIT mutations in Japanese melanoma patients

机译:日本黑素瘤患者的BRAF和KIT突变评估

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摘要

BRAF- and KIT-activating mutations are established therapeutic targets in melanoma. In a recent trial, the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib improved survival in patients with the BRAF~(V600E) mutation [1]. Similarly, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is effective against melanomas with KIT mutations [2]. Genetic mutations in BRAF and KIT are linked to specific melanoma subtypes. Cutaneous melanoma is classified into four subtypes: skin melanomas without chronic sun-induced damage (non-CSD), skin melanomas with chronic sun-induced damage (CSD), acral melanomas, and mucosal melanomas [3,4]. Activating mutations in BRAF have been identified in at least 50% of non-CSD melanomas but are far less frequent in CSD, acral or mucosal melanomas [3].
机译:BRAF和KIT激活突变是黑色素瘤的既定治疗靶标。在最近的一项试验中,BRAF抑制剂vemurafenib改善了具有BRAF〜(V600E)突变的患者的生存率[1]。同样,酪氨酸激酶抑制剂伊马替尼对具有KIT突变的黑色素瘤有效[2]。 BRAF和KIT中的遗传突变与特定的黑色素瘤亚型相关。皮肤黑色素瘤分为四个亚型:无慢性阳光引起的损伤的皮肤黑色素瘤(非CSD),具有慢性阳光引起的损伤的皮肤黑色素瘤(CSD),急性黑素瘤和粘膜黑色素瘤[3,4]。至少50%的非CSD黑色素瘤中已鉴定出BRAF的激活突变,但在CSD,肢端或粘膜黑色素瘤中的发生率要低得多[3]。

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