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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Economic Entomology >Integration of insecticidal, phagostimulatory, and visual elements of an attract and kill system for apple maggot fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
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Integration of insecticidal, phagostimulatory, and visual elements of an attract and kill system for apple maggot fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

机译：整合了苹果蝇诱杀系统的杀虫，诱变和视觉元素（双翅目：:科）

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摘要

The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is a key pest of apple in eastern North America that has been historically controlled with organophosphate insecticide applications. Here we report on progress toward development of an effective and maintenance-free attracticidal sphere system for this pest species. In our studies, we evaluated lethality of spinosad in combination with a feeding stimulant (sucrose) to replace a Tangletrap sticky coating as the killing agent of a sphere-based behavioral control system. Spinosad was incorporated into cylindrical and contoured controlled-release caps that were fixed atop visually stimulating sphere bases. For both cap styles, spinosad at or near 1.0% (a.i.) proved to be a relatively durable fly-killing agent, providing ≈85% mortality after simulated rainfall exposure reflective of average season-long precipitation levels experienced during the primary period of risk of apple maggot injury to fruit in the northeastern United States. In field trials, we assessed the impact of color degradation of contoured controlledrelease caps on visual responsiveness of apple maggot fly and found that it had no significant impact on captures. In commercial orchard trials designed to evaluate the potential of attracticidal spheres with contoured caps for direct control of apple maggot, a perimeter-based deployment provided protection comparable to plots receiving 12 whole-plot insecticide applications.
机译：苹果蝇（Rhagoletis pomonella（Walsh））是北美东部苹果的主要害虫，历史上一直由有机磷杀虫剂控制。在这里，我们报告了针对该害虫物种开发有效且免维护的杀虫球系统的进展。在我们的研究中，我们评估了多杀菌素与饲喂兴奋剂（蔗糖）的替代品，以代替Tangletrap粘性涂层作为基于球形的行为控制系统的杀灭剂，从而杀伤力。将多杀菌素（Spinosad）掺入固定在视觉刺激球基顶部上的圆柱形和轮廓定型的控释帽中。对于这两种帽款，事实证明，在1.0％（ai）或接近1.0％（ai）的多杀菌素是一种相对持久的灭蝇剂，在模拟降雨暴露后可提供≈85％的死亡率，这反映了在患病风险的主要时期经历的平均整个季节的降水量苹果蝇got对美国东北部水果造成伤害。在田间试验中，我们评估了轮廓控释瓶盖的颜色降解对苹果蝇视觉响应能力的影响，发现它对捕获没有明显影响。在商业果园试验中，该试验旨在评估带有轮廓帽的杀虫剂球面用于直接控制苹果的潜力，基于周界的部署提供了与接受12种全田杀虫剂应用的田地相当的保护作用。

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