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Explaining individual response using aggregated data

机译:使用汇总数据解释个人回复

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Empirical analysis of individual response behavior is sometimes limited due to the lack of explanatory variables at the individual level. In this paper we put forward a new approach to estimate the effects of covariates on individual response, where the covariates are unknown at the individual level but observed at some aggregated level. This situation may, for example, occur when the response variable is available at the household level but covariates only at the zip-code level. We describe the missing individual covariates by a latent variable model which matches the sample information at the aggregate level. Parameter estimates can be obtained using maximum likelihood or a Bayesian analysis. We illustrate the approach estimating the effects of household characteristics on donating behavior to a Dutch charity. Donating behavior is observed at the household level, while the covariates are only observed at the zip-code level.
机译:由于缺乏个体层面的解释变量,对个体反应行为的实证分析有时受到限制。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的方法来估计协变量对个体反应的影响,其中协变量在个体水平上是未知的,但在某些聚合水平上却可以观察到。例如,当响应变量在家庭级别可用但仅在邮政编码级别协变量时,可能会发生这种情况。我们通过一个潜在变量模型来描述缺失的个体协变量,该模型在总体水平上与样本信息相匹配。可以使用最大似然或贝叶斯分析获得参数估计。我们举例说明了评估家庭特征对荷兰慈善机构捐赠行为影响的方法。在家庭一级观察到捐赠行为,而协变量仅在邮政编码水平观察到。

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