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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Economic Entomology >Invasive Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae) in Turfgrass of the Northeast United States: Geographic Distribution and Local Incidence Three Years After Detection
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Invasive Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae) in Turfgrass of the Northeast United States: Geographic Distribution and Local Incidence Three Years After Detection

机译：美国东北草坪草中的侵袭性Tipula（双翅目：Tipulidae）：发现三年后的地理分布和局部发病率

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摘要

Two species of invasive crane flies are damaging pests of turfgrass in the Great Lakes region after their inadvertent introduction and establishment. In New York, where Tipula paludosa Meigen and Tipula oleracea L. (Diptera: Tipulidae) were first detected in 2004, baseline data on the extent of establishment is needed to monitor range expansion, make predictions about pest status, and guide management efforts. The incidence of both species was therefore addressed at two spatial scales to ascertain how widespread they were across the state and across sites of recent local establishment. Based on divergent natural history, T. oleracea was predicted to be more widespread both geograph_ically and locally than T. paludosa. To delimit the current area of occurrence, surveys were conducted from 2004 to 2006. T. paludosa was detected in four counties and T. oleracea in 12 counties. In western New York, T. oleracea was established in more than a six-fold greater area than T. paludosa. T. oleracea was additionally detected on Long Island, shown to be a geographically disjunct area of establishment. To measure local incidence, putting greens and tee boxes were scouted on golf courses. Contrary to predictions, 56-97 and 22-56% of those surfaces were already infested by T. paludosa and T. oleracea, respectively, within one or two seasons after initial detection. Because damage thresholds are rela_tively high, scouting for the insect, rather than its injury, will promote earlier detection. Given the impact of invasive Tipula across diverse turf habitats, continued range expansion will have serious repercussions for regional turfgrass management.
机译：在无意引入和定殖后，两种侵入性鹤蝇正在破坏大湖地区的草皮害虫。在纽约，2004年首次检测到Tipula paludosa Meigen和Tipula oleracea L.（Diptera：Tipulidae），需要建立范围的基线数据来监测范围扩大，对害虫状况做出预测并指导管理工作。因此，在两个空间尺度上研究了这两种物种的发生率，以确定它们在州内和在最近的当地建立地点之间的分布程度。根据不同的自然历史，预计T. oleracea在地理上和本地上都比T. paludosa更广泛。为了划定当前的发病区域，从2004年到2006年进行了调查。在四个县中发现了帕洛德球菌，在12个县中发现了油茶。在纽约州西部，甘蓝T. oleracea的面积比T. paludosa大六倍。在长岛上还发现了T. oleracea，这是一个地理上分离的地方。为了衡量当地发生率，在高尔夫球场上探查了果岭和发球盒。与预测相反，这些表面的56-97和22-56％已经在最初发现后的一两个季节内分别被paldosa和oleracea侵染。由于损害阈值相对较高，因此对昆虫进行侦察而不是对其进行伤害将有助于及早发现。鉴于侵袭性Tipula在不同草皮生境中的影响，范围的不断扩大将对区域草皮管理产生严重影响。

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