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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Economic Entomology >Incorporating ecologically relevant measures of pesticide effect for estimating the compatibility of pesticides and biocontrol agents
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Incorporating ecologically relevant measures of pesticide effect for estimating the compatibility of pesticides and biocontrol agents

机译：结合农药作用的生态学相关措施来评估农药和生物防治剂的相容性

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The compatibility of biological control agents with pesticides is a central concern in integrated pest management programs. The most common assessments of compatibility consist of simple comparisons of acute toxicity among pest species and select biocontrol agents. A more sophisticated approach, developed by the International Organisation of Biological Control (IOBC), is based on a tiered hierarchy made up of threshold values for mortality and sublethal effects that is used to determine the compatibility of pesticides and biological control agents. However, this method is unable to capture longer term population dynamics, which is often critical to the success of biological control and pest suppression. In this article, we used the delay in population growth index, a measure of population recovery, to investigate the potential impacts that the threshold values for levels of lethal and sublethal effects developed by the IOBC bad on three biocontrol agents: sevenspotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L.; the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), and Fopius arisanus (Sonan), a parasitoid of tephritid flies. Based on life histories of these economically important natural enemies, we established a delay of 1-generation time interval as sufficient to disrupt biological control success. We found that delays equivalent to I-generation time interval were caused by mortality as low as 50% or reductions of offspring as low as 58%, both values in line with thresholds developed by the IOBC. However, combinations of mortality and reduction of offspring lower than these values (from 32 to 43% each) over a simulated 4-mo period caused significant population delays. Furthermore, the species used in these simulations reacted differently to the same levels of effect. The parasitoid D. rapae was the most susceptible species, followed by F. arisanus and C. septempunctata. Our results indicate that it is not possible to generalize about potential long-term impacts of pesticides on biocontrol agents because susceptibility is influenced by differences in life history variables. Additionally, populations of biocontrol agents may undergo significant damage when mortality approaches 50% or when there is mortality of approximate to 30% and a 30% reduction in offspring caused by a sublethal effect. Our results suggest that more ecologically relevant measures of effect such as delays in population growth may advance our knowledge of pesticide impacts on populations of beneficial species.
机译：生物防治剂与农药的相容性是病虫害综合防治计划的主要关注点。最常见的相容性评估包括有害生物物种和精选生物防治剂之间急性毒性的简单比较。由国际生物控制组织（IOBC）开发的一种更为复杂的方法，是基于由死亡率和亚致死作用的阈值组成的分层层次结构，该阈值用于确定农药和生物防治剂的相容性。但是，这种方法无法捕获长期的种群动态，这对于生物防治和害虫抑制的成功通常至关重要。在本文中，我们使用人口增长指数的延迟（一种人口恢复的方法）来调查IOBC制定的致死和亚致死作用水平阈值对三种生物防治剂的潜在影响：七斑瓢虫，球菌septempunctata L .;蚜虫类拟寄生虫Diaeretiella rapae（M'Intosh）和Fopius arisanus（Sonan）是拟南芥蝇的类寄生虫。根据这些经济上重要的天敌的生活史，我们确定了1代时间间隔的延迟，足以破坏生物控制的成功。我们发现，相当于I代时间间隔的延迟是由低至50％的死亡率或后代的低至58％的死亡率引起的，这两个值均与IOBC制定的阈值一致。但是，在模拟的4个月内，死亡率和后代减少的组合低于这些值（每种从32％到43％）会导致明显的种群延迟。此外，这些模拟中使用的物种对相同效果水平的反应也不同。拟寄生的D. rapae是最易感的物种，其次是A.anrisanus和C. septempunctata。我们的结果表明，不可能归纳农药对生物防治剂的潜在长期影响，因为药敏性受生活史变量差异的影响。另外，当死亡率接近50％或因亚致死作用导致后代死亡率降低约30％并降低30％时，生物防治剂种群可能遭受重大破坏。我们的结果表明，与生态相关的更有效的措施（例如种群增长的延迟）可能会提高我们对农药对有益物种种群的影响的认识。

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