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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Pre-anthesis ovary development determines genotypic differences in potential kernel weight in sorghum.
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Pre-anthesis ovary development determines genotypic differences in potential kernel weight in sorghum.

机译：开花前的卵巢发育决定了高粱中潜在粒重的基因型差异。

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摘要

Kernel weight is an important factor determining grain yield and nutritional quality in sorghum, yet the developmental processes underlying the genotypic differences in potential kernel weight remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the stage in development at which genetic effects on potential kernel weight were realized, and to investigate the developmental mechanisms by which potential kernel weight is controlled in sorghum. Kernel development was studied in two field experiments with five genotypes known to differ in kernel weight at maturity. Pre-fertilization floret and ovary development was examined and post-fertilization kernel-filling characteristics were analysed. Large kernels had a higher rate of kernel filling and contained more endosperm cells and starch granules than normal-sized kernels. Genotypic differences in kernel development appeared before stamen primordia initiation in the developing florets, with sessile spikelets of large-seeded genotypes having larger floret apical meristems than normal-seeded genotypes. At anthesis, the ovaries for large-sized kernels were larger in volume, with more cells per layer and more vascular bundles in the ovary wall. Across experiments and genotypes, there was a significant positive correlation between kernel dry weight at maturity and ovary volume at anthesis. Genotypic effects on meristem size, ovary volume, and kernel weight were all consistent with additive genetic control, suggesting that they were causally related. The pre-fertilization genetic control of kernel weight probably operated through the developing pericarp, which is derived from the ovary wall and potentially constrains kernel expansion.
机译：籽粒重量是决定高粱籽粒产量和营养品质的重要因素，但潜在籽粒重量的基因型差异所依据的发育过程仍不清楚。这项研究的目的是确定在发育阶段中实现对潜在籽粒重量的遗传效应，并研究控制高粱潜在籽粒重量的发育机制。在两个田间实验中研究了五种基因型，这些基因型在成熟时籽粒重量不同，因此研究了籽粒发育。检查了受精前的小花和卵巢的发育，并分析了受精后的籽粒充实特性。大籽粒的籽粒填充率更高，并且比正常大小的籽粒包含更多的胚乳细胞和淀粉颗粒。在发育期的小花的雄蕊原基启动之前，就出现了籽粒发育的基因型差异，大种子基因型的无柄小穗具有比正常种子基因型更大的小花顶分生组织。在花期，大果粒的卵巢体积更大，每层的细胞更多，卵巢壁中的血管束更多。在整个实验和基因型中，成熟时的籽粒干重与花期的卵巢体积之间存在显着的正相关。基因型对分生组织大小，卵巢体积和籽粒重量的影响均与加性遗传控制一致，表明它们是因果相关的。籽粒重的受精前遗传控制可能是通过发育中的果皮进行的，果皮是从子房壁衍生而来，可能会限制籽粒的膨胀。

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