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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >The final split: the regulation of anther dehiscence
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The final split: the regulation of anther dehiscence

机译：最后的分歧：花药裂开的调节

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Controlling male fertility is an important goal for plant reproduction and selective breeding. Hybrid vigour results in superior growth rates and increased yields of hybrids compared with inbred lines; however, hybrid generation is costly and time consuming. A better understanding of anther development and pollen release will provide effective mechanisms for the control of male fertility and for hybrid generation. Male sterility is associated not only with the lack of viable pollen, but also with the failure of pollen release. In such instances a failure of anther dehiscence has the advantage that viable pollen is produced, which can be used for subsequent rescue of fertility. Anther dehiscence is a multistage process involving localized cellular differentiation and degeneration, combined with changes to the structure and water status of the anther to facilitate complete opening and pollen release. After microspore release the anther endothecium undergoes expansion and deposition of ligno-cellulosic secondary thickening. The septum separating the two locules is then enzymatically lysed and undergoes a programmed cell death-like breakdown. The stomium subsequently splits as a consequence of the stresses associated with pollen swelling and anther dehydration. The physical constraints imposed by the thickening in the endothecium limit expansion, placing additional stress on the anther, so as it dehydrates it opens and the pollen is released. Jasmonic acid has been shown to be a critical signal for dehiscence, although other hormones, particularly auxin, are also involved. The key regulators and physical constraints of anther dehiscence are discussed.
机译：控制雄性育性是植物繁殖和选择性育种的重要目标。与自交系相比，杂种活力提高了杂种的生长速度并提高了产量。然而，混合发电既昂贵又费时。对花药发育和花粉释放的更好理解将为控制雄性育性和杂交产生提供有效的机制。雄性不育不仅与缺乏可行的花粉有关，而且与花粉释放失败有关。在这种情况下，花药开裂的失败具有产生可行的花粉的优点，该花粉可用于随后的生育。花药开裂是一个多阶段过程，涉及局部细胞分化和变性，并结合花药的结构和水分状况的变化，以促进完全开放和花粉释放。小孢子释放后，花药内皮细胞发生膨胀和木质素纤维素二次增厚沉积。然后将分离两个小室的隔膜酶解，并进行程序性的细胞死亡样分解。随后，由于与花粉溶胀和花药脱水有关的压力，裂口分裂了。内皮层增厚所施加的物理限制限制了扩张，在花药上施加了额外的压力，因此当花药脱水时，花药就会打开并释放花粉。茉莉酸已被证明是开裂的关键信号，尽管其他激素，特别是生长素也参与其中。讨论了花药开裂的关键调控因素和物理限制条件。

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