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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Is it easy to move and easy to evolve? Evolutionary accessibility and adaptation
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Is it easy to move and easy to evolve? Evolutionary accessibility and adaptation

机译：它容易移动且容易演化吗？进化的可及性和适应性

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Recent phylogenetic studies have documented high levels of conservatism in ecological traits that seem at odds with the traditional view that organisms can readily adapt to different environments. We highlight the need for a new level of rigour in interpreting such patterns from both organismal and biogeographical perspectives. A handful of closely studied systems are revealing a greater number of ecological transitions than anticipated, but these are typically phylogenetically clustered, suggesting that the relative ease or difficulty of such adaptations is strongly context-dependent. We believe that this differential evolutionary accessibility to certain adaptations is pervasive across the tree of life and we illustrate this with reference to several important ecological syndromes in plants. Differential accessibility derives in large part from the attributes of the organisms themselves certain traits may act as enablers that increase the likelihood of particular innovations. So far, we have made minimal progress in identifying precursor traits that underlie the evolution of ecological syndromes, but we are hopeful that improved phylogenetic resolution will allow for a surge of new insight. However, the accessibility of particular adaptations also derives from external factors, such as the relative location and extent of certain habitats and the competitive ability of the lineages that already occupy them. Better understanding of where particular lineages have existed in the past, and of the adjacency or connectivity of different environments through time, will also be necessary to explain how both dispersal and ecological diversification have jointly contributed to the assembly of the worlds ecosystems.
机译：最近的系统发育研究表明，生态特征中的保守性很高，这与传统观点认为生物体可以轻松适应不同环境的观点不一致。我们着重指出，从有机和生物地理的角度解释这种模式时，需要提高严谨度。少数经过仔细研究的系统揭示了比预期更多的生态过渡，但是这些过渡通常在系统发育上是聚类的，这表明此类适应的相对难易程度在很大程度上取决于环境。我们相信，这种对某些适应性的差异进化可及性在整个生命树中无处不在，我们参照植物中的几种重要生态综合症对此进行了说明。差异可及性在很大程度上源于生物本身的属性，某些特征可以作为促成因素，增加特定创新的可能性。到目前为止，我们在识别生态综合症进化基础的前体特征方面进展甚微，但我们希望，改进的系统发育分辨率将带来新的见识。但是，特殊适应性的可及性还源于外部因素，例如某些栖息地的相对位置和范围以及已经占据它们的血统的竞争能力。更好地了解过去特定世系的存在以及随着时间的推移不同环境的邻接或连通性，也将有必要解释传播和生态多样化如何共同促进了世界生态系统的组装。

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