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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Measuring the mechanical properties of plant cells by combining micro-indentation with osmotic treatments
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Measuring the mechanical properties of plant cells by combining micro-indentation with osmotic treatments

机译：通过微压痕与渗透处理相结合来测量植物细胞的机械性能

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摘要

Growth in plants results from the interaction between genetic and signalling networks and the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. There has been a recent resurgence in research directed at understanding the mechanical aspects of growth, and their feedback on genetic regulation. This has been driven in part by the development of new micro-indentation techniques to measure the mechanical properties of plant cells in vivo. However, the interpretation of indentation experiments remains a challenge, since the force measures results from a combination of turgor pressure, cell wall stiffness, and cell and indenter geometry. In order to interpret the measurements, an accurate mechanical model of the experiment is required. Here, we used a plant cell system with a simple geometry, Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells, to examine the sensitivity of micro-indentation to a variety of mechanical and experimental parameters. Using a finite-element mechanical model, we found that, for indentations of a few microns on turgid cells, the measurements were mostly sensitive to turgor pressure and the radius of the cell, and not to the exact indenter shape or elastic properties of the cell wall. By complementing indentation experiments with osmotic experiments to measure the elastic strain in turgid cells, we could fit the model to both turgor pressure and cell wall elasticity. This allowed us to interpret apparent stiffness values in terms of meaningful physical parameters that are relevant for morphogenesis.
机译：植物的生长来自遗传和信号网络之间的相互作用以及细胞和组织的机械特性。近年来，针对了解生长的机械方面以及它们对遗传调控的反馈的研究重新兴起。这部分是由于新的微压痕技术的发展所致，以测量体内植物细胞的机械性能。然而，压痕实验的解释仍然是一个挑战，因为力的测量是由膨胀压力，孔壁刚度以及孔和压头几何形状的组合产生的。为了解释测量结果，需要精确的实验机械模型。在这里，我们使用了一个具有简单几何形状的植物细胞系统，即烟草亮黄色2（BY-2）细胞，以检查微压痕对各种机械和实验参数的敏感性。使用有限元力学模型，我们发现，对于在变形细胞上压入几微米的压痕，测量结果大多对膨胀压力和细胞半径敏感，而不对细胞的确切压头形状或弹性特性敏感壁。通过将压痕实验与渗透实验相辅相成，以测量突节细胞中的弹性应变，我们可以使模型适合于膨胀压力和细胞壁弹性。这使我们能够根据与形态发生相关的有意义的物理参数来解释表观刚度值。

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