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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Plants grow with a little help from their organelle friends
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Plants grow with a little help from their organelle friends

机译：植物在细胞器朋友的帮助下生长

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摘要

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are indispensable for plant development. They not only provide energy and carbon sources to cells, but also have evolved to become major players in a variety of processes such as amino acid metabolism, hormone biosynthesis and cellular signalling. As semi-autonomous organelles, they contain a small genome that relies largely on nuclear factors for its maintenance and expression. An intensive crosstalk between the nucleus and the organelles is therefore essential to ensure proper functioning, and the nuclear genes encoding organellar proteins involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation are obviously crucial for plant growth. Organ growth is determined by two main cellular processes: cell proliferation and cell expansion. Here, we review how plant growth is affected in mutants of organellar proteins that are differentially expressed during leaf and root development. Our findings indicate a clear role for organellar proteins in plant organ growth, primarily during cell proliferation. However, to date, the role of the nuclear-encoded organellar proteins in the cellular processes driving organ growth has not been investigated in much detail. We therefore encourage researchers to extend their phenotypic characterization beyond macroscopic features in order to get a better view on how chloroplasts and mitochondria regulate the basic processes of cell proliferation and cell expansion, essential to driving growth.
机译：叶绿体和线粒体对于植物发育是必不可少的。它们不仅为细胞提供能量和碳源，而且已经发展成为各种过程的主要参与者，例如氨基酸代谢，激素生物合成和细胞信号传导。作为半自治细胞器，​​它们包含一个小的基因组，该基因组的维持和表达很大程度上依赖于核因子。因此，细胞核与细胞器之间的强烈串扰对于确保适当的功能至关重要，而编码参与光合作用和氧化磷酸化的细胞器蛋白质的核基因对于植物的生长显然至关重要。器官的生长由两个主要的细胞过程决定：细胞增殖和细胞扩增。在这里，我们回顾了在叶和根发育过程中差异表达的细胞器蛋白突变体中植物的生长如何受到影响。我们的发现表明，细胞器蛋白在植物器官生长中（主要是在细胞增殖过程中）具有明显的作用。然而，迄今为止，尚未详细研究核编码的细胞器蛋白在驱动器官生长的细胞过程中的作用。因此，我们鼓励研究人员将其表型特征扩展到宏观特征之外，以便更好地了解叶绿体和线粒体如何调节细胞增殖和细胞扩张的基本过程，这对驱动生长至关重要。

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