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The hypersensitive response; the centenary is upon us but how much do we know?

机译:过敏反应;百年过去了,但我们知道多少?

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With the centenary of the first descriptions of 'hypersensitiveness' following pathogenic challenge upon us, it is appropriate to assess our current understanding of the hypersensitive response (HR) form of cell death. In recent decades our understanding of the initiation, associated signalling, and some important proteolytic events linked to the HR has dramatically increased. Genetic approaches are increasingly elucidating the function of the HR initiating resistance genes and there have been extensive analyses of death-associated signals, calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, salicylic acid, and now sphingolipids. At the same time, attempts to draw parallels between mammalian apoptosis and the HR have been largely unsuccessful and it may be better to consider the HR to be a distinctive form of plant cell death. We will consider if the HR form of cell death may occur through metabolic dysfunction in which malfunctioning organelles may play a major role. This review will highlight that although our knowledge of parts of the HR is excellent, a comprehensive molecular model is still to be attained.
机译:随着病原体挑战后“过敏症”的首次描述百年,有必要评估我们目前对细胞死亡的过敏反应(HR)形式的理解。在最近的几十年中,我们对引发,相关信号传导以及与HR相关的一些重要蛋白水解事件的了解已大大增加。遗传方法越来越多地阐明了HR起始抗性基因的功能,并且已经对死亡相关信号,钙,活性氧(ROS),一氧化氮,水杨酸和现在的鞘脂进行了广泛的分析。同时,试图在哺乳动物细胞凋亡与HR之间进行相似性的尝试在很大程度上是不成功的,最好将HR视为植物细胞死亡的一种独特形式。我们将考虑细胞代谢的HR形式是否可能通过代谢功能障碍而发生,而在代谢功能障碍中细胞器失灵可能起主要作用。这篇评论将强调,尽管我们对HR的部分知识非常出色,但仍需要获得全面的分子模型。

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