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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention >Metallurgical Investigation into the Causes of Premature Failure of Steel Wires and Screws during Manufacture
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Metallurgical Investigation into the Causes of Premature Failure of Steel Wires and Screws during Manufacture

机译：制造过程中钢丝和螺钉过早失效原因的冶金研究

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摘要

Failure of steel wires due to breakages during cold drawing is a complex phenomenon; wire breakages may be induced by improper wire-rod quality, inappropriate heat-treated microstructure, and/or lubrication breakdown on the wire surface. A comprehensive metallurgical investigation of failed/broken wire samples is therefore indispensable for understanding the genesis of failure. In the present study, a detailed investigation of five broken steel wires and two screws, which cracked during manufacture, was carried out. Bright surface streaks and linear arrays of V-shaped cracks were observed near the fracture ends of these failed wires. Microstructural investigation of the broken wire samples revealed that failure of three wires was caused by transverse V-cracks in the hard and brittle martensite (650-750 VPN hardness) skin formed on the wire surfaces as a consequence of lubrication breakdown during cold drawing. The failures of the other two wires and the screw samples, however, were, attributed to the presence of casting powder and refractory entrapments in these steels. These non-metallic entrapments served as initiation sites for microcracks under operational stresses leading to ultimate failures of the wires and screws.
机译：由于冷拔过程中的断裂而导致的钢丝失效是一个复杂的现象。线材质量不当，热处理后的微观结构不合适和/或线材表面的润滑破坏可能会导致线材断裂。因此，对于了解失效的成因，进行全面的冶金学研究是必不可少的。在本研究中，对五根断裂的钢丝和两根在制造过程中破裂的螺钉进行了详细的研究。在这些失效导线的断裂端附近观察到明亮的表面条纹和V形裂纹的线性阵列。对断丝样品的微观结构研究表明，三根丝的失效是由于冷拉拔过程中润滑失效导致的，在丝表面上形成的硬而脆的马氏体（650-750 VPN硬度）表皮中的横向V型裂纹引起的。但是，其他两根线材和螺钉样品的失败归因于这些钢中存在铸造粉末和耐火材料夹带。这些非金属夹带在操作应力下充当微裂纹的引发部位，从而导致导线和螺钉的最终故障。

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