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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Psychology. General >Implicit and Explicit Processes in Category-Based Induction: Is Induction Best When We Don't Think?
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Implicit and Explicit Processes in Category-Based Induction: Is Induction Best When We Don't Think?

机译：基于类别的归纳法中的隐式和显式过程：当我们不思考时，归纳法是否最佳？

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摘要

In category-based induction (CBI), people use category information to predict unknown properties of exemplars. When an item's classification is uncertain, normative principles and Bayesian models suggest that predictions should integrate information across all possible categories. However, researchers previously have found that people often base their predictions on only a single category. In the present studies, we investigated the possible distinction between implicit and explicit processes in CBI. Predictions of an object's motion took the form of either a catching task (implicit) or a verbal answer (explicit). When subjects made predictions implicitly (Experiment 1), they used categories as Bayesian models predict. Explicit predictions (Experiment 2) showed clearly nonnormative use of categories. This distinction between implicit and explicit processes was replicated with a within-subjects design (Experiment 3). When subjects learned categories implicitly (categories were never mentioned) in Experiment 4, their explicit predictions did not reflect integration of information across categories but again showed a nonnormative pattern of category use. These results provide support for a distinction between implicit and explicit processes in CBI and furthermore suggest that the same category knowledge may result in normative or nonnormative responding, depending on the response mode.
机译：在基于类别的归纳法（CBI）中，人们使用类别信息来预测示例的未知属性。当不确定项目的分类时，规范原则和贝叶斯模型建议预测应该整合所有可能类别中的信息。但是，研究人员以前发现，人们经常将他们的预测仅基于一个类别。在当前的研究中，我们调查了CBI中隐性和显性过程之间的可能区别。对物体运动的预测采用抓捕任务（隐式）或口头回答（显式）的形式。当受试者隐式地做出预测时（实验1），他们使用贝叶斯模型预测的类别。显式预测（实验2）清楚地表明类别的非规范使用。隐式过程和显式过程之间的这种区别通过受试者内部的设计得以复制（实验3）。当受试者在实验4中隐式学习类别（从未提及类别）时，他们的显式预测并不能反映跨类别的信息整合，而是再次显示类别使用的非规范模式。这些结果为CBI的隐式和显式过程之间的区别提供了支持，并且进一步表明，根据响应模式，同一类别知识可能会导致规范或非规范的响应。

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