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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Psychology. General >Mid-Level Perceptual Features Distinguish Objects of Different Real-World Sizes
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Mid-Level Perceptual Features Distinguish Objects of Different Real-World Sizes

机译：中层感知特征区分不同实际大小的对象

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摘要

Understanding how perceptual and conceptual representations are connected is a fundamental goal of cognitive science. Here, we focus on a broad conceptual distinction that constrains how we interact with objects-real-world size. Although there appear to be clear perceptual correlates for basic-level categories (apples look like other apples, oranges look like other oranges), the perceptual correlates of broader categorical distinctions are largely unexplored, i.e., do small objects look like other small objects? Because there are many kinds of small objects (e.g., cups, keys), there may be no reliable perceptual features that distinguish them from big objects (e.g., cars, tables). Contrary to this intuition, we demonstrated that big and small objects have reliable perceptual differences that can be extracted by early stages of visual processing. In a series of visual search studies, participants found target objects faster when the distractor objects differed in real-world size. These results held when we broadly sampled big and small objects, when we controlled for low-level features and image statistics, and when we reduced objects to texforms-unrecognizable textures that loosely preserve an object's form. However, this effect was absent when we used more basic textures. These results demonstrate that big and small objects have reliably different mid-level perceptual features, and suggest that early perceptual information about broad-category membership may influence downstream object perception, recognition, and categorization processes.
机译：理解感知和概念表示之间的联系是认知科学的基本目标。在这里，我们集中于一个广泛的概念上的区别，该区别限制了我们如何与对象实际大小进行交互。尽管在基本级别类别上似乎存在明显的感官相关性（苹果看起来像其他苹果，橘子看起来像其他橙子），但更广泛的分类区别的感官相关性在很大程度上尚待探索，即小物体看起来像其他小物体吗？由于存在多种小物体（例如杯子，钥匙），因此可能没有可靠的感知特征将它们与大物体（例如汽车，桌子）区分开。与这种直觉相反，我们证明了大小物体具有可靠的感知差异，可以通过视觉处理的早期阶段来提取它们。在一系列视觉搜索研究中，当干扰对象的实际大小不同时，参与者可以更快地找到目标对象。当我们对大大小小的对象进行广泛采样，控制低级特征和图像统计数据以及将对象缩小为无法识别的纹理形式（松散地保留对象的形式）时，这些结果将保持不变。但是，当我们使用更多基本纹理时，就没有这种效果。这些结果表明，大对象和小对象具有可靠的中层感知特征，并暗示有关广泛类别成员资格的早期感知信息可能会影响下游对象的感知，识别和分类过程。

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