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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Psychology. General >Mindfulness Training Affects Attention-Or Is It Attentional Effort?
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Mindfulness Training Affects Attention-Or Is It Attentional Effort?

机译：正念训练影响注意力-还是注意力努力？

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Improvements in attentional performance are at the core of proposed mechanisms for stress reduction in mindfulness meditation practices. However, this claim can be questioned because no previous studies have actively manipulated test effort in control groups and controlled for effects of stress reduction per se. In a blinded design, 48 young, healthy meditation novices were randomly assigned to a mindfulnessbased stress reduction (MBSR), nonmindfulness stress reduction (NMSR), or inactive control group. At posttest, inactive controls were randomly split into nonincentive and incentive controls, the latter receiving a financial reward to improve attentional performance. Pre- and postintervention, 5 validated attention paradigms were employed along with self-report scales on mindfulness and perceived stress and saliva cortisol samples to measure physiological stress. Attentional effects of MBSR, NMSR, and the financial incentive were comparable or significantly larger in the incentive group on all reaction-timebased measures. However, selective attention in the MBSR group improved significantly more than in any other group. Similarly, only the MBSR intervention improved the threshold for conscious perception and visual working memory capacity. Furthermore, stress-reducing effects of MBSR were supported because those in the MBSR group showed significantly less perceived and physiological stress while increasing their mindfulness levels significantly. We argue that MBSR may contribute uniquely to attentional improvements but that further research focusing on non-reaction-time-based measures and outcomes less confounded by test effort is needed. Critically, our data demonstrate that previously observed improvements of attention after MBSR may be seriously confounded by test effort and nonmindfulness stress reduction.
机译：注意性能的提高是所提出的减少正念冥想练习压力的机制的核心。但是，这种说法可能会受到质疑，因为以前没有研究主动控制对照组的测试工作并控制了压力降低本身的效果。在盲法设计中，将48位健康的年轻冥想新手随机分配到基于正念的压力减少（MBSR），不留神的压力减少（NMSR）或不活动的对照组。在测试后，将不活动的控件随机分为非奖励和激励控件，后者会获得财务奖励以改善注意力表现。干预前后，采用了5种经过验证的注意力范例以及针对正念和感知压力的自我报告量表以及唾液皮质醇样本来测量生理压力。在所有基于反应时间的措施上，MBSR，NMSR和财务激励的注意效果在激励组中相当或明显更大。但是，MBSR组的选择性注意比其他任何组都明显改善。同样，只有MBSR干预可以提高意识和视觉工作记忆能力的阈值。此外，支持MBSR的缓解压力的作用，因为MBSR组中的那些显示出明显更少的感知和生理压力，同时显着提高了他们的正念水平。我们认为MBSR可能对注意力的提高做出独特的贡献，但是需要进一步研究，重点放在基于非反应时间的措施和较少受测试努力影响的结果上。至关重要的是，我们的数据表明，MBSR后先前观察到的注意力改善可能会因测试工作和减少正念压力而严重混淆。

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