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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Psychology. General >Why am I remembering this now? Predicting the occurrence of involuntary (spontaneous) episodic memories
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Why am I remembering this now? Predicting the occurrence of involuntary (spontaneous) episodic memories

机译：为什么现在我要记住这一点？预测非自愿（自发）情景记忆的发生

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摘要

Involuntary episodic memories are memories of events that come to mind spontaneously, that is, with no preceding retrieval attempts. They are common in daily life and observed in a range of clinical disorders in the form of negative, intrusive recollections or flashbacks. However, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. Here we report a series of experiments in which-for the first time-the activation of involuntary memories is controlled and predicted on the basis of manipulations done at encoding. During encoding, participants were presented with pictures of scenes paired with sounds. Both scene and sound could be either unique (derived from a category that was presented only once) or repeated (derived from a category that was presented several times). During retrieval, the participants conducted an attention-demanding sound location task employing sounds from the encoding phase. In addition to the sound location task, they were asked to record all memories that might spontaneously arise during this task. Unique sounds generated most involuntary memories, consistent with the notion of cue overload. Repeated sounds rarely generated involuntary memories, but often yielded memories of repeated scenes in a voluntary (strategic) recall condition. Retrieval times were lower for involuntary than for comparable samples of strategically retrieved memories, suggesting less executive control involved in involuntary recall. Our findings show that it is possible to control the activation of involuntary episodic memories of daily scenes on the basis of well-known mechanisms of associative memory.
机译：非自愿的情节记忆是自发想到的事件的记忆，即没有先前的检索尝试。它们在日常生活中很常见，并在一系列临床疾病中以阴性，侵入性回忆或倒叙的形式出现。但是，对其基本机制知之甚少。在这里，我们报告了一系列实验，其中首次基于编码时的操作来控制和预测非自愿记忆的激活。在编码过程中，向参与者展示了与声音配对的场景图片。场景和声音都可以是唯一的（源自仅显示一次的类别）或重复的（源自多次显示的类别）。在检索过程中，参与者使用来自编码阶段的声音进行了要求注意的声音定位任务。除了声音定位任务外，还要求他们记录在此任务过程中可能自发出现的所有记忆。独特的声音产生了大多数非自愿的记忆，与提示超载的概念一致。重复出现的声音很少会产生非自愿的记忆，但是经常会在自愿（战略）回忆条件下产生重复场景的记忆。非自愿检索的时间比战略检索记忆的可比样本要短，这表明非自愿召回涉及的执行控制较少。我们的发现表明，在众所周知的联想记忆机制的基础上，有可能控制日常场景的非自愿情节记忆的激活。

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