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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Psychology. General >Motivated shortcomings in explanation: The role of comparative self-evaluation and awareness of explanation recipient's knowledge
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Motivated shortcomings in explanation: The role of comparative self-evaluation and awareness of explanation recipient's knowledge

机译：解释中的动机缺陷：比较自我评估和理解解释者知识的作用

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摘要

Being aware of someone else's existing knowledge is a prerequisite to effectively adapting an explanation to that person's learning needs. However, such knowledge awareness introduces the potential for motivated self-evaluation based on relative knowledge, that is, for social comparison. Because favorable social comparisons are actively defended, we propose that knowledge awareness might undermine information sharing in explanation when social comparison motives are active. We tested this hypothesis in a series of experiments in which participants provided explanations to an ostensible learning partner with or without knowledge awareness. Both dispositionally and situationally motivated social comparison interacted with knowledge awareness to reduce information sharing in explanation. Intriguingly, knowledge awareness uniformly facilitated adaptation of the information that was shared to address partner knowledge deficit. These results illustrate a tension in the components of effective explanation. At the same time that knowledge awareness effectively coordinates explanation content, it can lead to knowledge hoarding by knowledgeable explainers who are motivated to rely on knowledge differences between the self and the explanation recipient for self-evaluation.
机译：意识到别人的现有知识是有效地使一种解释适应该人的学习需求的前提。但是，这种知识意识为基于相对知识进行主动自我评估（即进行社会比较）带来了潜力。因为积极地捍卫有利的社会比较，所以我们建议当社会比较动机活跃时，知识意识可能会破坏解释中的信息共享。我们在一系列实验中检验了这一假设，参与者在有或没有知识意识的情况下向表面上的学习伙伴提供了解释。出于性情和情境动机的社会比较都与知识意识相互作用，以减少解释中的信息共享。有趣的是，知识意识统一地促进了共享信息的适应，以解决合作伙伴知识不足的问题。这些结果说明了有效解释各组成部分之间的紧张关系。在知识意识有效地协调解释内容的同时，它会导致知识渊博的解释者ho积知识，这些解释者被激励依靠自我与解释接受者之间的知识差异来进行自我评价。

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