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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Psychology. General >Learning to Contend With Accents in Infancy: Benefits of Brief Speaker Exposure
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Learning to Contend With Accents in Infancy: Benefits of Brief Speaker Exposure

机译：学习与婴儿期的口音相抗：简短演讲者的接触所带来的好处

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Although adults rapidly adjust to accented speakers' pronunciation of words, young children appear to struggle when confronted with unfamiliar variants of their native language (e.g., American English-learning 15-montholds cannot recognize familiar words spoken in Jamaican English; Best et al., 2009). It is currently unclear, however, why this is the case, or how infants overcome this apparent inability. Here, we begin to address these crucial questions. Experiments 1 and 2 confirm with a new population that infants are initially unable to recognize familiar words produced in unfamiliar accents. That is, Canadian English-learning infants cannot recognize familiar words'spoken in Australian English until they near their.second birthday. However, Experiments 3 and 4 show that this early inability to recognize accented words can readily be overcome when infants are exposed to a story read in the unfamiliar accent prior to test. Importantly, this adaptation only occurs when the story is highly familiar, consistent with the idea that top-down lexical feedback may enable the adaptation process. We conclude that infants, like adults, have the cognitive capacity to rapidly deduce the mapping between their own and an unfamiliar variant of their native language. Thus, the essential machinery underlying spoken language communication is in place much earlier than previous studies have suggested.
机译：尽管成年人会迅速适应口音说话者的发音，但年幼的孩子在面对自己母语的陌生变体时似乎会感到挣扎（例如，学习英语的15个月大的美国人无法识别以牙买加英语说过的熟悉的单词; Best等， 2009）。然而，目前尚不清楚为什么会这样，或者婴儿如何克服这种明显的无能。在这里，我们开始解决这些关键问题。实验1和2在一个新的人群中证实，婴儿最初无法识别以不熟悉的口音产生的熟悉单词。也就是说，加拿大学习英语的婴儿要等到接近二岁生日时，才能识别澳大利亚英语中常见的单词。然而，实验3和4表明，当婴儿在测试前接触到以不熟悉的口音朗读的故事时，可以很容易地克服这种早期无法识别口音单词的问题。重要的是，仅当故事高度熟悉时才发生这种改编，这与自上而下的词汇反馈可以启用改编过程的想法一致。我们得出的结论是，婴儿（如成年人）具有认知能力，可以迅速推断出他们自己和他们母语所不熟悉的变体之间的对应关系。因此，口头语言交流背后的基本机制比以前的研究建议的要早得多。

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