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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Fish Biology >Feeding ecology of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus and flounder Pleuronectes flesus at Gotland, Central Baltic Se
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Feeding ecology of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus and flounder Pleuronectes flesus at Gotland, Central Baltic Se

机译：波罗的海中部哥得兰省幼年大菱S和比目鱼Pleuronectes flesus的饲养生态

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摘要

Food and feeding of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus and flounder Pleuronectes flesus were studied in five nursery areas at Gotland, Central Baltic Sea, ICES SD 27 and SD 28. Ontogeny involved partitioning of available food resources. The food choice of turbot <30 mm standard length (L sub(S)) included both planktonic-hyperbenthic prey (calanoid copepods and mysids) and epibenthic-endobenthic prey (chironomids and amphipods), whereas turbot greater than or equal to 30 mm L sub(S) fed mainly on hyperbenthic species (mysids and fishes). Conversely, for flounder, epibenthic-endobenthic prey were the most abundant prey items throughout development (harpactocoid copepods, oligochaetes and chironomids for fish <40 mm L sub(S) and oligochaetes, chironomids and amphipods for flounder greater than or equal to 40 mm L sub(S)). Thus, the highest degree of dietary overlap occurred between turbot <30 mm and flounder greater than or equal to 40 mm. Food composition for both turbot and flounder varied, however, according to exposure and predominant wind direction in the nursery area. For example, expressed as the ratio between the biomass of mysids and fishes consumed, the relative importance of mysids v. fishes as food source for turbot, varied from <1 in the most sheltered area to 16 and 27 in the more open areas. Considerable differences in feeding incidence were recorded; mean plus or minus s.d. 58 plus or minus 20% for turbot <30 mm L sub(S) and 83 plus or minus 8% for turbot greater than or equal to 30 mm L sub(S), as opposed to greater than or equal to 85-90% for flounder irrespective of size. The lower feeding success of turbot <30 mm L sub(S) was related to mysid abundance, shown to vary spatially and temporally, and to density of flounder, indicating that food availability, and potentially interspecific competition, influence feeding of early juvenile turbot with implications for survival following settlement. Regarding variability in abundance, hyperbenthic prey, as mysids, are considered more variable than epi- and endobenthic organisms. Hence, in addition to the 'nursery size hypothesis', i.e. the positive relationship between abundance of recruits and extension of nursery areas, variability in food availability may explain the average lower recruitment of turbot as compared to other flatfishes, e.g. flounder.
机译：在哥得兰岛，中波罗的海，ICES SD 27和SD 28的五个苗圃地区研究了大菱S，比目鱼和比目鱼（Pleuronectes flesus）的食物和喂养。个体发育涉及对可用食物资源的分配。 <30毫米标准长度（L sub（S））的比目鱼的食物选择包括浮游类-高底栖类猎物（类颅足类和类足类）和表皮类-内生类猎物（类鳞茎类和两栖类），而比目鱼类大于或等于30 mm L潜艇主要以高底栖动物（类鲨鱼和鱼类）为食。相反，对于比目鱼来说，表皮-内生的猎物是整个发育过程中最丰富的猎物（小于40 mm L sub（S）的鱼类的钩足类co足类，寡壳类和鳞翅类，比目鱼大于或等于40 mm的寡类类，壳类和两栖类动物）。分（S））。因此，最大的饮食重叠发生在大菱形<30 mm和比目鱼大于或等于40 mm之间。然而，大菱t和比目鱼的食物组成因苗圃地区的暴露情况和主要风向而异。例如，用猪s鱼的生物量与食用鱼的生物量之比表示，鱼s鱼作为turbo鱼的食物来源的相对重要性从最受庇护的地区<1到最开放的地区的16和27不等。记录了摄食率的显着差异;平均正负小于或等于30 mm L sub（S）的大菱形为58正负20％，大于或等于30 mm L sub（S）的大菱形为83正负8％，相对大于或等于85-90％比目鱼，不论大小。小于30 mm L sub（S）的比目鱼的较低饲喂成功率与鼠尾草的丰度有关，表明其时空变化和比目鱼的密度变化，表明食物的可获得性和潜在的种间竞争影响了幼年比目鱼的饲喂。对定居后生存的影响。关于丰度的变异性，作为底栖动物的高底栖猎物被认为比上，下底栖生物更具可变性。因此，除了``苗圃规模假说''（即新兵数量和苗圃面积扩大之间的正相关关系）外，食物供应量的差异可能解释了与其他比目鱼相比，比目鱼的平均招募量更低。比目鱼。

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