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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >Forgetting from working memory: Does novelty encoding matter?
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Forgetting from working memory: Does novelty encoding matter?

机译：从工作记忆中忘却：新颖性编码重要吗？

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摘要

The sources of forgetting in working memory remain the matter of intense debate. According to the SOB model (serial order in a box; Farrell & Lewandowsky, 2002), forgetting in complex span tasks does not result from temporal decay but from interference produced by the encoding of distractors that are superimposed over memory items onto a composite memory. The main tenet of the model is that the encoding strength of a distractor is a function of its novelty, with novel distractors being encoded with a large encoding weight that interferes with other memories, whereas repeated distractors would result in negligible encoding weight and no further forgetting. In the present study, we tested the 2 main predictions issuing from this model. First, recall performance should be better in complex span tasks in which distractors are repeated than in tasks in which every distractor is novel. Second, increasing the number of novel distractors should lead to more interference and poorer recall. In 5 experiments in which we controlled for attentional demand and temporal factors, none of these predictions were verified, whereas a strong effect of the pace at which distracting tasks were performed testified that they involved forgetting. We conclude that, contrary to the SOB model, the novelty of distractors plays no role per se in forgetting.
机译：工作记忆中遗忘的根源仍然是激烈辩论的问题。根据SOB模型（盒子中的序列顺序; Farrell＆Lewandowsky，2002），在复杂的跨度任务中遗忘不是由时间衰减引起的，而是由干扰码的编码产生的干扰所引起的，这些干扰码叠加在存储项上形成复合内存。该模型的主要原则是，干扰器的编码强度是其新颖性的函数，新颖的干扰器以较大的编码权重进行编码，从而干扰其他内存，而重复的干扰器将导致可忽略的编码权重，并且不会进一步遗忘。在本研究中，我们测试了从该模型得出的2个主要预测。首先，在重复干扰项的复杂跨度任务中，召回性能应该比在每个干扰项都是新颖的任务中更好。其次，增加新型干扰物的数量应导致更多的干扰和较差的召回率。在我们控制注意力需求和时间因素的5个实验中，这些预测均未得到验证，而分心任务执行速度的强烈影响证明它们涉及遗忘。我们得出的结论是，与SOB模型相反，干扰因素的新颖性本身在遗忘中不起作用。

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