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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >Dual-Retrieval Models and Neurocopgnitive Impairment
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Dual-Retrieval Models and Neurocopgnitive Impairment

机译：双重检索模型和神经认知障碍

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Advances in dual-retrieval models of recall make it possible to use clinical data to test theoretical hypotheses about mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD), the most common forms of neurocognitive impairment. Hypotheses about the nature of the episodic memory declines in these diseases, about decline versus sparing of specific processes, and about which individuals will become impaired over time can all be rigorously tested. Basic theoretical principles, such as whether recollection and reconstruction are distinct retrieval processes, can also be evaluated. In 3 studies, measurements of ?collective retrieval, reconstructive retrieval, and familiarity judgment were extracted from standard clinical instruments, for healthy subjects and for subjects with MCI and AD diagnoses. Differences in reconstructive retrieval consistently distinguished MCI and AD, in nationally representative subject samples as well as in highly educated samples, and recollective retrieval also distinguished them in highly educated samples. Dual-retrieval processes were accurate predictors of future conversion to MCI and AD over periods of 1.5-6 years and were better predictors than the best genetic marker of these conditions (the ε4 allele of the APOE genotype). The standard recollection- deficit account of memory declines in MCI and AD was not supported, but the data were consistent with an alternative account that stresses the increasing importance of reconstruction deficits as older adults convert to these diseases.
机译：双重检索式召回模型的进展使得可以使用临床数据来测试有关轻度认知障碍（MCI）和阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症（AD）（神经认知障碍的最常见形式）的理论假设。在这些疾病中，关于情景记忆性质下降的假设，关于特定过程下降与保留的假设以及随着时间的推移会导致哪些人受损的假设都可以得到严格测试。还可以评估基本的理论原理，例如回忆和重建是否是不同的检索过程。在3项研究中，从健康的受试者以及患有MCI和AD诊断的受试者中，从标准临床仪器中提取了“集体检索，重建检索和熟悉判断”的测量结果。在全国代表性的主题样本以及受过高等教育的样本中，重建性检索的差异始终可区分MCI和AD，而在受过良好教育的样本中，回溯性检索也将它们区别开来。双检索过程是未来1.5-6年内向MCI和AD转化的准确预测指标，并且比这些条件的最佳遗传标记（APOE基因型的ε4等位基因）更好。不支持MCI和AD记忆力下降的标准记忆缺陷账目，但数据与另一种说法相吻合，后者强调随着老年人转变为这些疾病，重建缺陷的重要性日益增加。

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