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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >Thinking About the Weather: How Display Salience and Knowledge Affect Performance in a Graphic Inference Task
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Thinking About the Weather: How Display Salience and Knowledge Affect Performance in a Graphic Inference Task

机译：关于天气的思考：图形推理任务中显示的显着性和知识如何影响性能

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摘要

Three experiments examined how bottom-up and top-down processes interact when people view and make inferences from complex visual displays (weather maps). Bottom-up effects of display design were investigated by manipulating the relative visual salience of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information across different maps. Top-down effects of domain knowledge were investigated by examining performance and eye fixations before and after participants learned relevant meteorological principles. Map design and knowledge interacted such that salience had no effect on performance before participants learned the meteorological principles: however, after learning, participants were more accurate if they viewed maps that made task-relevant information more visually salient. Effects of display design off task performance were somewhat dissociated from effects of display design oil eye fixations. The results support a model in which eye fixations are directed primarily by top-down factors (task and domain knowledge). They suggest that good display design facilitates performance not just by guiding where viewers look in I complex display but also by facilitating processing of the visual features that represent task-relevant information at a given display location,
机译：三个实验研究了当人们查看并从复杂的视觉显示（天气图）进行推断时，自下而上和自上而下的过程如何相互作用。通过操纵跨不同地图的与任务相关和与任务无关的信息的相对视觉显着性，研究了显示设计的自下而上的效果。在参与者学习相关的气象原理之前和之后，通过检查性能和眼睛注视来研究领域知识的自上而下的影响。地图设计和知识相互影响，因此在参加者学习气象原理之前，显着性对性能没有影响;但是，学习后，如果参加者查看地图可以使与任务相关的信息在视觉上更显眼，那么他们将更加准确。展示设计对任务性能的影响与展示设计油眼注视的效果有些不同。结果支持一个模型，其中注视主要由自上而下的因素（任务和领域知识）指导。他们建议，良好的显示设计不仅可以指导观众在复杂显示中的位置，而且还可以促进在给定显示位置处处理代表任务相关信息的视觉功能，从而提高性能。

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