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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >To Risk or Not to Risk: Anxiety and the Calibration Between Risk Perception and Danger Mitigation
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To Risk or Not to Risk: Anxiety and the Calibration Between Risk Perception and Danger Mitigation

机译：冒险还是不冒险：焦虑和风险感知与减轻危险之间的关系

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摘要

Anxiety prepares an organism for dealing with threats by recruiting cognitive resources to process information about the threat, and by engaging physiological systems to prepare a response. Heightened trait anxiety is associated with biases in both these processes: high trait-anxious individuals tend to report heightened risk perceptions, and inappropriate engagement in danger mitigation behavior. However, no research has addressed whether the calibration between risk perception and danger mitigation behavior is affected by anxiety, though it is well recognized that this calibration is crucial for adaptive functioning. The current study aimed to examine whether anxiety is characterized by better or worse calibration of danger mitigation behavior to variations in risk magnitude. Low and high trait-anxious participants were presented with information about the likelihood and severity of a danger (loud noise burst) on each trial. Participants could decide to mitigate this danger by investing a virtual coin, at the cost of losing danger mitigation ability on subsequent trials. Importantly, level of risk likelihood and severity were varied independently, and the multiplicative relationship between the 2 defined total danger. Multilevel modeling showed that the magnitude of total danger predicted the probability of coin investments, over and above the effects of risk likelihood and severity, suggesting that participants calibrated their danger mitigation behavior to integrated risk information. Crucially, this calibration was affected by trait anxiety, indicating better calibration in high trait-anxious individuals. These results are discussed in light of existing knowledge and models of the effect of anxiety on risk perception and decision-making.
机译：焦虑通过招募认知资源来处理有关威胁的信息，以及通过参与生理系统来准备应对措施，从而为应对威胁的生物做好了准备。特质焦虑加剧与这两个过程中的偏见有关：特质焦虑高的人倾向于报告更高的风险感知，以及不适当地参与减轻风险行为。然而，尽管众所周知，这种校准对于适应性功能至关重要，但尚未有研究探讨风险感知和减轻危险行为之间的校准是否受到焦虑的影响。当前的研究旨在检查焦虑的特征是根据危险程度的变化对危险缓解行为进行更好或更坏的校准。向低度和高度特质焦虑的参与者提供有关每个试验中危险（大声爆发）的可能性和严重性的信息。参与者可以决定通过投资虚拟硬币来减轻这种危险，但会在随后的试验中失去减轻危险的能力。重要的是，风险可能性和严重程度的水平是独立变化的，并且这2个定义的总危险度之间存在乘法关系。多级建模表明，总风险的大小预测了投币的可能性，超过了风险可能性和严重性的影响，这表明参与者已将其缓解风险的行为校准为综合风险信息。至关重要的是，该校准受到性状焦虑的影响，表明对高性格焦虑个体的校准更好。将根据现有知识和模型对焦虑对风险感知和决策的影响进行讨论。

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