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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >When Intensions Do Not Map Onto Extensions: Individual Differences in Conceptualization
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When Intensions Do Not Map Onto Extensions: Individual Differences in Conceptualization

机译：当内涵未映射到扩展时：概念化上的个体差异

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摘要

Concepts are represented in the mind through knowledge of their extensions (the class of items to which the concept applies) and intensions (features that distinguish that class of items). A common assumption among theories of concepts is that the 2 aspects are intimately related. Hence if there is systematic individual variation in concept representation, the variation should correlate between extensional and intensional measures. A pair of individuals with similar extensional beliefs about a given concept should also share similar intensional beliefs. To test this notion, exemplars (extensions) and features (intensions) of common categories were rated for typicality and importance respectively across 2 occasions. Within-subject consistency was greater than between-subjects consensus on each task, providing evidence for systematic individual variation. Furthermore, the similarity structure between individuals for each task was stable across occasions. However, across 5 samples, similarity between individuals for extensional judgments did not map onto similarity between individuals for intensional judgments. The results challenge the assumption common to many theories of conceptual representation that intensions determine extensions and support a hybrid view of concepts where there is a disconnection between the conceptual resources that are used for the 2 tasks.
机译：概念通过其扩展（概念适用的项目类别）和内涵（区分该项目类别的特征）的知识在头脑中得到表示。概念理论之间的共同假设是这两个方面密切相关。因此，如果在概念表示上存在系统的个体差异，则该差异应与扩展和内涵度量之间相关。对给定概念具有相似扩展信念的一对个人也应共享相似的内涵信念。为了检验这一概念，在两种情况下，分别对常见类别的示例（扩展）和特征（意图）进行了典型性和重要性评估。在每个任务上，受试者内部的一致性大于受试者之间的一致性，这为系统的个体变异提供了证据。此外，每个任务的个体之间的相似性结构在各种情况下都是稳定的。但是，在5个样本中，用于扩展性判断的个体之间的相似性并未映射到用于强制性判断的个体之间的相似性。结果挑战了许多概念表示理论共同的假设，即内涵决定扩展，并支持概念的混合视图，其中用于这两个任务的概念资源之间存在脱节。

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