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Energy-responsive timekeeping

机译：节能响应计时

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An essential component of energy homeostasis lies in an organism's ability to coordinate daily patterns in activity, feeding, energy utilization and energy storage across the daily 24-h cycle. Most tissues of the body contain the molecular clock machinery required for circadian oscillation and rhythmic gene expression. Under normal circumstances, behavioural and physiological rhythms are orchestrated and synchronized by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, considered to be the master circadian clock. However, metabolic processes are easily decoupled from the primarily light-driven SCN when food intake is desynchronized from normal diurnal patterns of activity. This dissociation from SCN based timing demonstrates that the circadian system is responsive to changes in energy supply and metabolic status. There has long been evidence for the existence of an anatomically distinct and autonomous food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) that can govern behavioural rhythms, when feeding becomes the dominant entraining stimulus. But now rapidly growing evidence suggests that core circadian clock genes are involved in reciprocal transcriptional feedback with genetic regulators of metabolism, and are directly responsive to cellular energy supply. This close interaction is likely to be critical for normal circadian regulation of metabolism, and may also underlie the disruption of proper metabolic rhythms observed in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type-II diabetes.
机译：能量稳态的基本组成部分是生物体在整个24小时周期内协调活动，进食，能量利用和能量存储的日常模式的能力。人体的大多数组织都包含昼夜节律振荡和节律性基因表达所需的分子钟机制。在正常情况下，行为和生理节律由下丘脑的视交叉上核（SCN）编排并同步，这被认为是生物钟的主要时钟。但是，当食物摄入与正常的昼夜活动模式不同步时，新陈代谢过程很容易与主要由光驱动的SCN脱钩。与基于SCN的时序的这种分离表明，昼夜节律系统对能量供应和代谢状态的变化做出响应。长期以来已有证据表明，当进食成为主要的夹带刺激物时，就存在解剖学上独特且自主的可携带食物的振荡器（FEO），该振荡器可控制行为节律。但是，现在迅速增长的证据表明，核心生物钟基因与代谢的遗传调节剂参与相互的转录反馈，并且直接响应细胞的能量供应。这种紧密的相互作用可能对正常的生理昼夜节律调节至关重要，并且也可能是在代谢性疾病（例如肥胖症和II型糖尿病）中观察到的适当代谢节律被破坏的基础。

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