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Parental-age effects in Down syndrome

机译:唐氏综合症的父母年龄效应

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Down syndrome is caused by a gene dosage-imbalance resultingfrom human chromosome-21 trisomy, and is the most commonly diagnosed congenital malformation/mental retardation syndrome (Jones 2006). In 1866, John LangdonDown made the first detailed description of all affected individuals (Down 1866). This pioneering study emphasized the unique clinical features of cases from heterogeneous ethnic backgrounds and distinguished them from all other cases with similar intellectual disabilities (Down 1866). While the syndrome was largely called ‘mongolism’ early on, for the diagnostic facial profile, there are three historical instances which have changed the context of Down syndrome. A letter published in The Lancet signed by illustrious biomedical scientists urged fellow researchers to abandon using the misleading connotation ‘mongolism’ for this mental deficiency syndrome and replace it with the designations ‘Langdon- Down anomaly’ or ‘Down’s syndrome/anomaly’ or ‘trisomy 21 anomaly’ or ‘congenital acromicria’ (Allen et al. 1961). In 1965, a delegation from the Mongolian People’s Republic approached the World Health Organization requesting them to avoid the terms mongol and mongolism (Patterson and Costa 2005). The possessive of the eponym was later discontinued and it is since widely called ‘Down syndrome’ (Nomenclature 1975).
机译:唐氏综合症是由人类21号染色体三体性导致的基因剂量失衡引起的,是最常被诊断的先天性畸形/智力低下综合症(Jones 2006)。 1866年,约翰·兰登·唐(John LangdonDown)首次对所有受影响的人进行了详细描述(唐1866)。这项开创性研究强调了来自异族背景的病例的独特临床特征,并将其与所有其他具有类似智力障碍的病例区分开(Down 1866)。尽管该综合征在早期就被广泛称为“蒙古症”,但从诊断面部特征来看,有三个历史实例改变了唐氏综合征的背景。杰出的生物医学科学家在《柳叶刀》上发表的一封信敦促研究人员放弃对这种精神缺陷综合症使用误导性含义“蒙古主义”,而代之以“ Langdon-Down异常”或“ Down's综合征/异常”或“三体性”。 21异常”或“先天性肢端肥大症”(Allen等人1961)。 1965年,一个来自蒙古人民共和国的代表团与世界卫生组织接触,要求他们避免使用蒙古和蒙古主义(Patterson and Costa 2005)。这个名字的所有格后来被中止,并且被广泛称为“唐氏综合症”(Nomenclature 1975)。

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