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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of genetics >A complete mitochondrial genome of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Yumai), and fast evolving mitochondrial genes in higher plants
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A complete mitochondrial genome of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Yumai), and fast evolving mitochondrial genes in higher plants

机译：小麦（Triticum aestivum cv。Chinese Yumai）的完整线粒体基因组，以及高等植物中快速进化的线粒体基因

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Plant mitochondrial genomes, encoding necessary proteins involved in the system of energy production, play an important role in the development and reproduction of the plant. They occupy a specific evolutionary pattern relative to their nuclear counterparts. Here, we determined the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Yumai) mitochondrial genome in a length of 452 and 526 bp by shotgun sequencing its BAC library. It contains 202 genes, including 35 known protein-coding genes, three rRNA and 17 tRNA genes, as well as 149 open reading frames (ORFs; greater than 300 bp in length). The sequence is almost identical to the previously reported sequence of the spring wheat (T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring); we only identified seven SNPs (three transitions and four transversions) and 10 indels (insertions and deletions) between the two independently acquired sequences, and all variations were found in non-coding regions. This result confirmed the accuracy of the previously reported mitochondrial sequence of the Chinese Spring wheat. The nucleotide frequency and codon usage of wheat are common among the lineage of higher plant with a high AT-content of 58%. Molecular evolutionary analysis demonstrated that plant mitochondrial genomes evolved at different rates, which may correlate with substantial variations in metabolic rate and generation time among plant lineages. In addition, through the estimation of the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates between orthologous mitochondrion-encoded genes of higher plants, we found an accelerated evolutionary rate that seems to be the result of relaxed selection.
机译：植物线粒体基因组，编码参与能量产生系统的必需蛋白质，在植物的发育和繁殖中起重要作用。相对于核武器，它们占据了特定的进化模式。在这里，我们通过shot弹枪对其BAC文库进行测序，确定了冬小麦（Triticum aestivum cv。Chinese Yumai）线粒体基因组的长度为452和526 bp。它包含202个基因，包括35个已知的蛋白质编码基因，3个rRNA和17个tRNA基因，以及149个开放阅读框（ORF;长度大于300 bp）。该序列与先前报道的春小麦（T. aestivum cv。Chinese Spring）的序列几乎相同。我们仅在两个独立获得的序列之间鉴定了七个SNP（三个过渡和四个颠换）和10个插入缺失（插入和缺失），所有变异均在非编码区发现。该结果证实了先前报道的中国春小麦线粒体序列的准确性。在AT含量高达58％的高等植物谱系中，小麦的核苷酸频率和密码子使用较为普遍。分子进化分析表明，植物线粒体基因组的进化速率不同，这可能与植物谱系中代谢率和生成时间的显着变化有关。此外，通过估计高等植物直系同源线粒体编码基因之间的非同义替换率与同义替换率的比率，我们发现加速的进化速率似乎是放松选择的结果。

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