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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of forensic sciences. >Communicated threats and violence toward public and private targets: discerning differences among those who stalk and attack.
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Communicated threats and violence toward public and private targets: discerning differences among those who stalk and attack.

机译：针对公共和私人目标的沟通威胁和暴力：辨别跟踪和攻击者之间的差异。

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摘要

A computation of false positive and false negative rates concerning the probability that directly communicated written or oral threats predict subsequent violent behavior yields a striking difference between "public" and "private" targets. Among private targets, communicated threats appear to increase risk, but are so common that they have little predictive value. On the other hand, public targets are unlikely to receive a direct threat from those who approach to attack. The author suggests that the most parsimonious explanation for this difference is the type, or mode of violence, that is apparent. Private targets appear to be most likely victimized by affective violence, wherein the emotionally reactive subject will immediately shove, push, punch, slap, choke, fondle, or hair pull the victim without the use of a weapon, usually in response to a perceived rejection or humiliation. Public targets are most likely to be victimized by predatory violence, which is planned, purposeful, cognitively motivated, opportunistic rather than impulsive, and often involves a firearm. Implications for risk assessment are discussed.
机译：假阳性率和假阴性率的计算涉及直接传达的书面或口头威胁预测随后的暴力行为的概率，从而在“公共”目标和“私人”目标之间产生显着差异。在私人目标中，已传达的威胁似乎增加了风险，但它们非常普遍，以至于没有预测价值。另一方面，公共目标不太可能受到攻击者的直接威胁。作者建议，最明显的解释是这种差异是暴力的类型或方式。私人目标似乎最有可能受到情感暴力的伤害，其中情绪反应对象会在不使用武器的情况下立即推，推，打，打，cho，，抚弄或拉扯受害者，通常是为了响应被感知的拒绝或屈辱。公开目标最有可能受到掠夺性暴力的侵害，掠夺性暴力是有计划的，有目的的，基于认知的动机，投机而不是冲动的，通常涉及枪支。讨论了风险评估的含义。

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