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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Glaciology >Instruments and Methods Measuring glacier surface roughness using plot-scale, close-range digital photogrammetry
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Instruments and Methods Measuring glacier surface roughness using plot-scale, close-range digital photogrammetry

机译：仪器和方法使用绘图比例近距离数字摄影测量法测量冰川表面粗糙度

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Glacier roughness at sub-metre scales is an important control on the ice surface energy balance and has implications for scattering energy measured by remote-sensing instruments. Ice surface roughness is dynamic as a consequence of spatial and temporal variation in ablation. To date, studies relying on singular and/or spatially discrete two-dimensional profiles to describe ice surface roughness have failed to resolve common patterns or causes of variation in glacier surface morphology. Here we demonstrate the potential of close-range digital photogrammetry as a rapid and cost-effective method to retrieve three-dimensional data detailing plot-scale supraglacial topography. The photogrammetric approach here employed a calibrated, consumer-grade 5 Mpix digital camera repeatedly imaging a plot-scale (≤25 m~2) ice surface area on Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard. From stereo-pair images, digital surface models (DSMs) with sub-centimetre horizontal resolution and 3 mm vertical precision were achieved at plot scales <4 m~2. Extraction of roughness metrics including estimates of aerodynamic roughness length (z_0) was readily achievable, and temporal variations in the glacier surface topography were captured. Close-range photogrammetry, with appropriate camera calibration and image acquisition geometry, is shown to be a robust method to record sub-centimetre variations in ablating ice topography. While the DSM plot area may be limited through use of stereo-pair images and issues of obliquity, emerging photogrammetric packages are likely to overcome such limitations.
机译：亚米尺度的冰川粗糙度是控制冰面能量平衡的重要控制因素，对遥感仪器测得的散射能量有影响。由于消融的时空变化，冰表面的粗糙度是动态的。迄今为止，依靠奇异和/或空间离散的二维轮廓描述冰表面粗糙度的研究未能解决冰川表面形态变化的常见模式或原因。在这里，我们展示了近距离数字摄影测量技术作为一种快速且经济高效的方法来检索详细描述地标规模超冰川地形的三维数据的潜力。这里的摄影测量方法是使用经过校准的消费级5 Mpix数码相机，重复成像在斯瓦尔巴特群岛MidtreLovénbreen上的积雪规模（≤25 m〜2）的冰表面积。从立体对图像中，在小于4 m〜2的绘图比例尺上获得了具有亚厘米水平分辨率和3 mm垂直精度的数字表面模型（DSM）。包括空气动力学粗糙度长度（z_0）估算在内的粗糙度度量的提取是很容易实现的，并且可以捕获冰川表面形貌的时间变化。具有适当的相机校准和图像采集几何形状的近距离摄影测量法是记录消融冰形地形中亚厘米变化的可靠方法。尽管DSM绘图区域可能会通过使用立体对图像和倾斜问题而受到限制，但新兴的摄影测量软件包可能会克服此类限制。

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