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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hand therapy: Official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists >Trowels labeled ergonomic versus standard design preferences and effects on wrist range of motion during a gardening occupation.
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Trowels labeled ergonomic versus standard design preferences and effects on wrist range of motion during a gardening occupation.

机译：在园艺工作期间，标有符合人体工程学与标准设计偏好的刀以及对腕部运动范围的影响。

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Purpose To test the hypothesis that extremes of deviation and palmar and dorsiflexion would be less with the use of a trowel labeled "ergonomic" than with a standard-design trowel. The hypothesis that participants would rate the trowel labeled "ergonomic" as more comfortable and easier to use was also tested. Background Eighty-four percent of American households are involved in some form of gardening. Tools labeled "ergonomic" are readily available in the consumer market. A comprehensive definition of ergonomics, also known as human factors, exists, but there are no industry standards for use of the term. Human anatomy and biomechanics literature emphasizes the wrist-neutral posture when using the hands and hand tools. Tool should be designed to maintain a straight wrist. Only one study was found involving the ergonomic design of gardening tools. That study concerned hand-pruner use and preference in the older adult. Methods and materials Sixty-four right-dominant, female participants, aged 20-50 years, who reported no disease or disability in their preferred extremity, used both trowels to fill a flower pot with soil. This method eliminated variables due to aging, sex, and hand preference. The study used a repeated-measures counterbalance design. The "ergonomically-designed cushion grip handle" trowel by Hi-Point purchased at a local home improvement store was 35.5 cm long and weighed 333 g. The standard-design trowel manufactured by Ames Lawn and Garden Tools and purchased at a local garden center was 28 cm long and weighed 155 g. Participants were assigned through a computerized random number algorithm to one of two orders of trowel use and they were compared with themselves. A Penny & Giles Limited Goniometer XM65 (Elgon) was applied on the dorsum of each participant's right wrist to measure wrist movement. The Elgon was calibrated with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and forearm and wrist in neutral. Participants stood at an adjustable height table that was adjusted to 15 cm below their elbow.The following items were placed on table right to left: the trowel to be used, an 18.9-L plastic tub filled with approximately 18 cm of Scotts Garden Soil, a standard 8-inch plastic flower pot, and a four cell pack of plants. Each item was placed on the same predetermined and marked spot on the table for each trial. Each participant performed four practice scoops before the first test. Elgon data on wrist ulnar and radial deviation and palmar and dorsiflexion were collected between the third and seventh scoop, and there was a 5-minute rest between trials. In addition, participants answered questions about interest in gardening, ease of use and comfort of each trowel, and preference. Results One participant's data were excluded because of a computer error. The 63 samples analyzed showed extremes of motion in all four planes over the four scoops. The t-test for extremes of doriflexion was not significant and did not support the hypothesis. The t-tests for extremes of ulnar deviation, radial deviation, and palmar flexion were meaningless and ulnar deviation was in the opposite direction of the hypothesis (more deviation with the ergonomic trowel than the standard design). Participants were evenly split (32 standard design, 31 ergonomic) on preference. They rated both trowels similarly in comfort. Although they rated the standard-design trowel easier to use, the results of the Wilcoxon signed ranks test were meaningless. Discussion This study compared the movements of radial and ulnar deviation, and palmar and dorsiflexion using a trowel labeled ergonomic with a standard-designed trowel. The authors presented two hypotheses for study: that there would be less wrist movement with the ergonomic trowel, and that participants would prefer it to a standard-design trowel. Neither hypothesis was confirmed. Range of motion with both trowels was similar with the exception of ulnar deviation, which was greater with the ergonomic trowel. Partici
机译：目的为了检验以下假设：与标准设计的抹子相比，使用标记为“符合人体工程学”的抹子可以减少偏差，手掌和背屈的极限。还测试了参与者会将打标为“人体工程学”的抹子评为更舒适和更易于使用的假设。背景技术84％的美国家庭从事某种形式的园艺活动。标记为“符合人体工程学”的工具可在消费市场上轻易获得。存在对人机工程学（也称为人为因素）的全面定义，但没有使用该术语的行业标准。人体解剖学和生物力学文献强调使用手和手动工具时腕部中立的姿势。工具的设计应保持手腕伸直。仅发现一项涉及园艺工具的人体工程学设计的研究。该研究涉及老年人的手修剪器使用和偏好。方法和材料64位右占优势的女性参与者，年龄20至50岁，未报告其首选肢体有任何疾病或残疾，他们用两把抹子给花盆装满了土壤。这种方法消除了由于年龄，性别和手型偏好引起的变量。该研究采用了重复措施的平衡设计。 Hi-Point在当地一家家庭装修商店购买的“符合人体工程学的垫子抓地力”抹子长35.5厘米，重333克。由Ames Lawn和Garden Tools制造并在当地花园中心购买的标准设计抹子长28厘米，重155克。通过计算机随机数算法将参与者分配给使用use刀的两个顺序之一，并将其​​与自己进行比较。将Penny＆Giles Limited测角仪XM65（Elgon）应用于每个参与者右手腕的背部，以测量手腕的运动。 Elgon的肘部弯曲度为90度，前臂和手腕处于中立状态。参与者站在可调节的高度桌子上，桌子的高度调整到肘部以下15厘米。以下物品从右到左摆在桌子上：要用的抹子，18.9升塑料桶，里面装有约18厘米的斯科茨花园土壤，一个标准的8英寸塑料花盆和一个四格植物。对于每个试验，将每个项目放在桌子上相同的预定和标记位置。每个参与者在第一次测试之前进行了四个练习瓢。在第三和第七勺之间收集了有关手腕尺骨和deviation骨偏移，手掌和背屈的Elgon数据，两次试验之间休息了5分钟。此外，参与者回答了有关园艺的兴趣，每个抹子的易用性和舒适性以及偏好的问题。结果由于计算机错误，排除了一名参与者的数据。分析的63个样本显示了四个勺在所有四个平面上的极端运动。屈曲极限的t检验不显着，也不支持该假设。尺骨偏差，radial骨偏差和手掌屈伸极限的t检验没有意义，尺骨偏差与假设相反（与标准设计相比，符合人体工程学的刀偏差更大）。参与者根据喜好平均分配（32个标准设计，31个人体工程学）。他们在舒适度上对两个抹子的评价都差不多。尽管他们认为标准设计的抹子更易于使用，但Wilcoxon签名等级测试的结果却毫无意义。讨论本研究使用标记为符合人体工程学的抹子和标准设计的抹子比较了radial骨和尺骨偏斜的运动以及手掌和背屈的运动。作者提出了两个假设进行研究：符合人体工程学的抹子可以减少腕部运动，并且参与者比标准设计的抹子更喜欢手腕运动。两种假设都没有得到证实。除尺偏外，两个similar刀的运动范围均相似，​​而符合人体工程学的刀则更大。参与

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