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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, C. Oceans: JGR >Passive buoyant tracers in the ocean surface boundary layer: 2. Observations and simulations of microplastic marine debris
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Passive buoyant tracers in the ocean surface boundary layer: 2. Observations and simulations of microplastic marine debris

机译：海洋表面边界层中的被动浮力示踪剂：2.微塑性海洋垃圾的观察和模拟

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This paper is the second of a two-part series that investigates passive buoyant tracers in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL). The first part examines the influence of equilibrium wind-waves on vertical tracer distributions, based on large eddy simulations (LESs) of the wave-averaged Navier-Stokes equation. Motivated by observations of buoyant microplastic marine debris (MPMD), this study applies the LES model and the parametric one-dimensional column model from part one to examine the vertical distributions of MPMD. MPMD is widely distributed in vast regions of the subtropical gyres and has emerged as a major open ocean pollutant whose distribution is subject to upper ocean turbulence. The models capture shear-driven turbulence, Langmuir turbulence (LT), and enhanced turbulent kinetic energy input due to breaking waves (BWs). Model results are only consistent with observations of MPMD profiles and the relationship between surface concentrations and wind speed if LT effects are included. Neither BW nor sheardriven turbulence is capable of deeply submerging MPMD, suggesting that the observed vertical MPMD distributions are a characteristic signature of wave-driven LT. Thus, this study demonstrates that LT substantially increases turbulent transport in the OSBL, resulting in deep submergence of buoyant tracers. The parametric model is applied to 11 years of observations in the North Atlantic and North Pacific subtropical gyres to show that surface measurements substantially underestimate MPMD concentrations by a factor of 3–13.
机译：本文是由两部分组成的系列文章中的第二篇，该系列文章探讨了海洋表面边界层（OSBL）中的被动浮力示踪剂。第一部分基于波均值Navier-Stokes方程的大型涡模拟（LESs），研究了平衡风波对垂直示踪剂分布的影响。出于对浮力微塑性海洋垃圾（MPMD）观测的推动，本研究运用LES模型和第一部分中的参数一维柱模型来检验MPMD的垂直分布。 MPMD广泛分布于亚热带回旋的广大区域，并已成为主要的开放海洋污染物，其分布受上层海洋湍流的影响。这些模型捕获了剪切驱动的湍流，朗缪尔湍流（LT），以及由于碎波（BW）增强了湍流动能输入。如果包括LT效应，则模型结果仅与MPMD剖面以及表面浓度与风速之间的关系一致。 BW和剪切驱动的湍流都不能深深淹没MPMD，这表明观察到的垂直MPMD分布是波浪驱动的LT的特征。因此，这项研究表明，LT大大增加了OSBL中的湍流传输，从而导致了浮空的示踪剂的深度浸没。该参数模型应用于北大西洋和北太平洋副热带高压环流的11年观测，表明表面测量值大大低估了MPMD浓度3–13倍。

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