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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, C. Oceans: JGR >On the calculation of air-sea fluxes of CO_2 in the presence of temperature and salinity gradients
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On the calculation of air-sea fluxes of CO_2 in the presence of temperature and salinity gradients

机译：温度和盐度梯度存在下CO_2海气通量的计算

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摘要

The presence of vertical temperature and salinity gradients in the upper ocean and the occurrence of variations in temperature and salinity on time scales from hours to many years complicate the calculation of the flux of carbon dioxide (CO_2) across the sea surface. Temperature and salinity affect the interfacial concentration of aqueous CO_2 primarily through their effect on solubility with lesser effects related to saturated vapor pressure and the relationship between fugacity and partial pressure. The effects of temperature and salinity profiles in the water column and changes in the aqueous concentration act primarily through the partitioning of the carbonate system. Climatological calculations of flux require attention to variability in the upper ocean and to the limited validity of assuming "constant chemistry" in transforming measurements to climatological values. Contrary to some recent analysis, it is shown that the effect on CO_2 fluxes of a cool skin on the sea surface is large and ubiquitous. An opposing effect on calculated fluxes is related to the occurrence of warm layers near the surface; this effect can be locally large but will usually coincide with periods of low exchange. A salty skin and salinity anomalies in the upper ocean also affect CO_2 flux calculations, though these haline effects are generally weaker than the thermal effects.
机译：上层海洋中垂直温度和盐度梯度的存在以及数小时至数年的时间尺度上温度和盐度变化的发生使跨海表层的二氧化碳通量的计算变得复杂。温度和盐度主要通过其对溶解度的影响来影响含水CO_2的界面浓度，而与饱和蒸气压以及逸度和分压之间的关系有关的影响较小。水柱中温度和盐度分布的影响以及水浓度的变化主要通过碳酸盐体系的分配而起作用。通量的气候学计算需要注意上层海洋的变化性以及将测量值转换为气候值时假设“恒定化学”的有限有效性。与最近的一些分析相反，研究表明，对凉爽的海表皮CO_2通量的影响很大且无处不在。对计算通量的不利影响与表面附近的热层的出现有关。这种影响在当地可能很大，但通常会与低交换期相吻合。尽管这些盐渍作用通常比热作用弱，但上层海洋中的咸皮和盐度异常也会影响CO_2通量的计算。

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