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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, C. Oceans: JGR >The phenology of Arctic Ocean surface warming
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The phenology of Arctic Ocean surface warming

机译：北冰洋表面变暖的物候

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摘要

In this work, we explore the seasonal relationships (i.e., the phenology) between sea ice retreat, sea surface temperature (SST), and atmospheric heat fluxes in the Pacific Sector of the Arctic Ocean, using satellite and reanalysis data. We find that where ice retreats early in most years, maximum summertime SSTs are usually warmer, relative to areas with later retreat. For any particular year, we find that anomalously early ice retreat generally leads to anomalously warm SSTs. However, this relationship is weak in the Chukchi Sea, where ocean advection plays a large role. It is also weak where retreat in a particular year happens earlier than usual, but still relatively late in the season, primarily because atmospheric heat fluxes are weak at that time. This result helps to explain the very different ocean warming responses found in two recent years with extreme ice retreat, 2007 and 2012. We also find that the timing of ice retreat impacts the date of maximum SST, owing to a change in the ocean surface buoyancy and momentum forcing that occurs in early August that we term the Late Summer Transition (LST). After the LST, enhanced mixing of the upper ocean leads to cooling of the ocean surface even while atmospheric heat fluxes are still weakly downward. Our results indicate that in the near-term, earlier ice retreat is likely to cause enhanced ocean surface warming in much of the Arctic Ocean, although not where ice retreat still occurs late in the season.
机译：在这项工作中，我们使用卫星和再分析数据探索了北冰洋太平洋海冰退缩，海面温度（SST）和大气热通量之间的季节性关系（即物候）。我们发现，在大多数年份早退的地方，相对于晚退的地区，夏季最大的夏季海温通常更高。对于任何特定年份，我们发现异常的早期退冰通常会导致异常异常的SST。但是，这种关系在楚科奇海是微弱的，在这里海洋平流作用很大。在特定年份退缩比平常早的情况下也较弱，但在季节还相对较晚，这主要是因为当时的大气热通量较弱。这一结果有助于解释近两年在2007年和2012年极端退冰时发现的非常不同的海洋变暖反应。我们还发现，由于海表浮力的变化，退冰的时间会影响最大海温的发生日期。以及8月初发生的动量强迫，我们将其称为夏末过渡（LST）。 LST后，即使大气热通量仍然微弱地向下，上层海洋的增强混合也会导致海洋表面的冷却。我们的结果表明，在近期，北冰洋大部分地区，较早的退冰可能会导致海洋表面变暖加剧，尽管不是在本季节后期仍发生退冰的地方。

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