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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >MAJOR OPTICAL DEPTH PERTURBATIONS TO THE STRATOSPHERE FROM VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS - PYRHELIOMETRIC PERIOD, 1881-1960 [Review]
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MAJOR OPTICAL DEPTH PERTURBATIONS TO THE STRATOSPHERE FROM VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS - PYRHELIOMETRIC PERIOD, 1881-1960 [Review]

机译：火山喷发对平流层的主要光学深度扰动-高温（1881-1960年）[综述]

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A detailed chronology of major stratospheric dust veils from 1881 to 1960 has been constructed by searching the primary literature for relevant observational data of various kinds, especially pyrheliometry. Data from 23 observing sites in both hemispheres have been reduced in a rigorous fashion to yield a table of pyrheliometric optical depth perturbations as a function of year, month, and latitude band. To convert to visual reference wavelengths, the tabular entries should be multiplied by a time-dependent factor that is somewhat greater than unity. Ten measurable volcanic dust veils have been established in this manner and have been analyzed as to their generation, transport, decay, and total mass. These clouds arose from eruptions of Krakatau (1883), an unidentified volcano (1890), Soufriere and Pelee (1902), Santa Maria (1902), Ksudach (1907), Katmai (1912), Puyehue (1921), Paluweh (1928), Komagatake (1929), and Quizapu (1932). Other turbidity indicators have also been used in the analysis, including starlight extinction, purple twilight glows, color of Sun and Moon, polarization of blue sky light, Bishop's ring around the Sun, and dark lunar eclipses. Global stratospheric aerosol loadings have been computed from the peak turbidities. Agreement with the aerosol masses derived from polar ice cores is good in the important cases of Krakatau, Santa Maria, and (after a major correction of the ice core value) Katmai. During the long period 1881-1992, about 80% of all stratospheric aerosols generated by the largest sulfur-producing eruptions were emplaced during the two short time intervals 1883-1902 and 1982-1991. The long-term (1881-1992) average annual production rate of stratospheric SO2 from the largest eruptions was 0.8 Tg yr(-1), about half the average rate since 1981. Implications of the principal results are discussed. [References: 233]
机译：通过搜索原始文献，搜索各种类型的相关观测数据，尤其是日射比，建立了1881年至1960年平流层主要尘埃层的详细时间顺序。来自两个半球的23个观测站点的数据已经以严格的方式进行了缩减，以得出作为年，月和纬度带函数的日射光学深度扰动表。要转换为可视参考波长，应将表格条目乘以时间依赖性因子，该因子略大于单位。以这种方式建立了十个可测量的火山尘面纱，并对其产生，传输，衰变和总质量进行了分析。这些云朵来自于Krakatau（1883），一座身份不明的火山（1890），Soufriere和Pelee（1902），Santa Maria（1902），Ksudach（1907），Katmai（1912），Puyehue（1921），Paluweh（1928）的爆发，Komagatake（1929）和Quizapu（1932）。分析中还使用了其他浊度指标，包括星光消光，紫色微光辉光，太阳和月球的颜色，蓝天的偏振，太阳周围的毕晓普环和月蚀。从峰值浊度计算出了平流层的总体气溶胶负荷。在Krakatau，Santa Maria和Katmai（在对冰芯值进行重大修正后）的重要案例中，与来自极地冰芯的气溶胶团的一致性很好。在1881年至1992年的漫长时期内，最大的产硫喷发所产生的所有平流层气溶胶中约有80％是在两个短时间间隔1883-1902和1982-1991期间发生的。最大爆发的平流层SO2的长期（1881-1992年）年平均产量为0.8 Tg yr（-1），约为1981年以来平均水平的一半。讨论了主要结果的含义。 [参考：233]

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