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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Elastodynamic analysis for slow tectonic loading with spontaneous rupture episodes on faults with rate- and state-dependent friction
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Elastodynamic analysis for slow tectonic loading with spontaneous rupture episodes on faults with rate- and state-dependent friction

机译：速率和状态相关的断层上自发破裂事件的缓慢构造加载的弹性动力学分析

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We present an efficient and rigorous numerical procedure for calculating the elastodynamic response of a fault subjected to slow tectonic Boding processes of long duration within which there are episodes of rapid earthquake failure. This is done for a general class of rate- and state-dependent friction laws with positive direct velocity effect. The algorithm allows us to treat accurately, within a single computational procedure, loading intervals of thousands of years and to calculate, for each earthquake episode, initially aseismic accelerating slip prior to dynamic rupture, the rupture propagation itself, rapid post seismic deformation which follows, and also ongoing creep slippage throughout the loading period in velocity-strengthening fault regions. The methodology is presented using the two-dimensional (2-D) antiplane spectral formulation and can be readily extended to the 2-D in-plane and 3-D spectral formulations and, with certain modifications, to the space-time boundary integral formulations as well as to their discretized development using finite difference or finite element methods. The methodology can be used to address a number of important issues, such as fault operation under low overall stress, interaction of dynamic rupture propagation with pore pressure development, patterns of rapture propagation in events nucleated naturally as a part of a sequence, the earthquake nucleation process, earthquake sequences on faults with heterogeneous frictional properties and/or normal stress, and others. The procedure is illustrated for a 2-D crustal strike-slip fault model with depth-variable properties. For lower values of the state-evolution distance of the friction law, small events appear. The nucleation phases of the small and large events are very similar, suggesting that the size of an event is determined by the conditions on the fault segments the event is propagating into rather than by the nucleation process itself. We demonstrate the importance of incorporating slow tectonic loading with elastodynamics by evaluating two simplified approaches, one with the slow tectonic loading but no wave effects and the other with all dynamic effects included but much higher loading rate. [References: 37]
机译：我们提出了一种有效而严格的数值程序，用于计算断层的弹性动力学响应，该断层经历了长时间的缓慢构造博德过程，在此过程中发生了快速地震破坏。这是针对具有正的直接速度效应的常规的速率和状态相关的摩擦定律来完成的。该算法使我们能够在一个简单的计算过程中准确地处理数千年的加载间隔，并针对每个地震事件计算出在动态破裂之前的初始抗震加速滑动，破裂传播本身以及随后的快速地震后变形，以及在整个速度强化断层区域整个加载期间的蠕变滑动。该方法是使用二维（2-D）反平面谱公式表示的，可以很容易地扩展到2-D平面和3-D谱公式，并经过一定的修改，可以扩展到时空边界积分公式以及使用有限差分或有限元方法进行离散化开发。该方法可用于解决许多重要问题，例如低总应力下的断层操作，动态破裂传播与孔隙压力发展的相互作用，在自然成核的序列中自然破裂的事件中的狂喜传播模式，地震成核过程，具有非均质摩擦特性和/或法向应力的断层的地震序列等。对具有深度可变特性的二维地壳走滑断层模型进行了说明。对于较低的摩擦定律状态演化距离值，会出现小事件。小事件和大事件的成核阶段非常相似，这表明事件的大小取决于事件传播到的断层段上的条件，而不是成核过程本身。通过评估两种简化的方法，我们证明了将慢速构造荷载与弹性动力学相结合的重要性，一种方法是慢速构造荷载但没有波浪效应，而另一种却包括了所有动力效应，但荷载速率更高。 [参考：37]

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