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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Particle production and aeolian transport from a 'supply-limited' source area in the Chihuahuan desert, New Mexico, United States
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Particle production and aeolian transport from a 'supply-limited' source area in the Chihuahuan desert, New Mexico, United States

机译：来自美国新墨西哥州奇瓦瓦沙漠“有限供应”源地区的颗粒物生产和风尘运输

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摘要

Wind erosion mechanisms were investigated for the "scrape site" at the Jornada Experimental Range near Las Cruces, New Mexico, in the Chihuahuan desert. The scrape site was denuded of vegetation and scraped flat in 1991. We adopted the site in 1994 because it offered an opportunity to study wind erosion mechanisms for a large area of unprotected sandy and crusted soil in an otherwise natural setting and over a period of several years. We installed and operated the following instrumentation for a period of 35 months: three meteorological towers, each 2 m in height, with wind speed sensors at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m above ground; air temperature at 0.2 and 2 m height; rain gauge; seven sets of particle collectors at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 m heights; and three fast-response particle mass flux sensors at 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 m heights; all along a transect crossing the site and parallel to the predominant southwesterly wind direction. The minimum threshold friction velocity for the scrape site with a thin layer of loose material was 25 cm s(-1). This minimum threshold velocity increased to as high as 100 cm s(-1) depending on the degree of particle depletion and the site's status which varied between supply unlimited just after a high wind episode and supply limited which was more typical for the rest of the time. The dominant mechanism producing fresh sediment for transport was sandblasting of the surface crust. The measurements showed that supply and availability of loose, fine particles on the surface is a strong control of rates of erosion rather than wind energy alone. [References: 24]
机译：在奇瓦瓦沙漠的新墨西哥州拉斯克鲁塞斯附近的乔纳达实验山脉的“刮擦地点”，研究了风蚀机理。 1991年，该刮擦场地被植被掩盖并被夷为平地。我们于1994年采用了该刮擦场地，因为它提供了一个机会，可以研究大范围未受保护的沙质和结皮土壤的风蚀机理，而这些条件通常是在自然环境下进行的，历时数年。年份。我们安装并运行了以下仪器，历时35个月：三座气象塔，每座高2 m，其风速传感器位于地面0.2、0.5、1.0和2.0 m处;空气温度在0.2和2 m的高度;雨量计七套高度分别为0.1、0.5和1.0 m的颗粒收集器;三个高度为0.02、0.1、0.2和0.5 m的快速响应粒子质量通量传感器;沿横穿该地点并平行于主要西南风向的横断面。具有薄薄的松散材料的刮擦部位的最小阈值摩擦速度为25 cm s（-1）。该最小阈值速度增加至高达100 cm s（-1），具体取决于颗粒耗竭的程度和站点的状态，该状态在强风发生后立即无限供应和有限的剩余时间之间变化。时间。产生新鲜沉积物用于运输的主要机理是对表皮进行喷砂处理。测量结果表明，表面上疏松细小颗粒的供应和可用性可以有效地控制侵蚀速率，而不仅仅是风能。 [参考：24]

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