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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Stress and deformation along wavy frictional faults
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Stress and deformation along wavy frictional faults

机译：波浪状断层的应力和变形

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Locally inhomogeneous stress states are expected along faults, owing to slip on geometrically irregular fault surfaces. We use an analytical model of elastic deformation along a wavy frictional fault to evaluate the variation in local stress state as a function of surface roughness, elastic modulus, slip, coefficient of friction, and far-field stress. The total stress state along the fault may be described by the sum of a basic stress component resulting from frictional slip on a planar fault surface and a perturbed stress component resulting from the presence of roughness. Roughness produces a variation in normal stress across the fault surface, and assuming roughness and modulus appropriate to crustal faults, the normal stress should be reduced to a near-zero magnitude locally, such that separation of fault walls is likely. The large variation in normal stress along the fault surface resulting from fault roughness may be responsible, in part, for complexity in moment release during large earthquakes and for lateral variation in seismic coupling along faults. The variation in principal stress orientations and magnitudes along a fault increases with a decrease in the coefficient of friction of the fault. The location and size of regions with a high likelihood for brittle failure depend on the orientation of the far-field principal stress and fault friction. The average orientation of the principal stresses in the region of likely failure is not the same as the far-field principal stress orientation. Although inversion of earthquake and fabric data for stress orientation along a fault may be possible, the model results suggest that inversion results are insufficient to determine far-field stress states and fault friction without additional independent data. [References: 48]
机译：由于在几何不规则断层表面上滑动，预计沿断层局部不均匀的应力状态。我们使用沿着波浪状摩擦断层的弹性变形分析模型来评估局部应力状态的变化，该变化是表面粗糙度，弹性模量，滑移，摩擦系数和远场应力的函数。沿着断层的总应力状态可以用平面断层表面上的摩擦滑移产生的基本应力分量和由于存在粗糙度而产生的扰动应力分量之和来描述。粗糙度在整个断层表面上会产生法向应力的变化，并且假设粗糙度和模量适合于地壳断层，则法向应力应局部减小到接近零的大小，以使断层壁可能分离。由断层粗糙度引起的沿断层表面的法向应力的较大变化，可能部分是造成大地震过程中力矩释放的复杂性以及沿断层的地震耦合的横向变化的原因。沿着断层的主应力方向和大小的变化随着断层的摩擦系数的减小而增加。脆性破坏可能性高的区域的位置和大小取决于远场主应力和断层摩擦的方向。可能破坏区域中主应力的平均方向与远场主应力方向不同。尽管可以对沿断层应力方向的地震和织物数据进行反演，但模型结果表明，如果没有其他独立数据，反演结果不足以确定远场应力状态和断层摩擦。 [参考：48]

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