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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Ice production and brine formation in Storfjorden, Svalbard
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Ice production and brine formation in Storfjorden, Svalbard

机译：斯瓦尔巴特群岛Storfjorden的制冰和盐水形成

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Brines, which appear as salty and cold bottom water layers on Arctic shelves, form by salt rejection during sea ice formation. High ice production occurs in latent heat polynyas such as the one that appears in Storfjorden under northerly winds. Using ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar imagery, we observed the ice cover in Storfjorden over the winter 1997/1998, revealing an area of over 6000 km(2) of the open water and thin ice that are characteristic of a polynya. Changes in the polynya extent correlated well with a simple wind-driven polynya size algorithm. Furthermore, using a frazil ice formation algorithm and the hypothesis of ice accumulation at the lee side of the polynya, we distinguished between open water, thin ice, and fast/pack ice. The average polynya width during the 6 winter months was about 30 km, with a maximum of 130 km in March; thus Storfjorden was composed of 5/6 fast and pack ice and 1/6 polynya, Open water occupied about half of the polynya; the other half was composed of brash ice and thin ice involved in ridging and rafting. A total ice volume of 40 km(3) was produced in Storfjorden between November 15, 1997, and May 15, 1998. About 57% of it was formed in the open water area; 9%, in the thin ice area; and 34%, in the fast/pack ice area. This ice production released more than 1 Gt (gigaton) of salt, able to increase the salinity of the Storfjorden waters by 1.4 practical salinity units (psu). Assuming that brine-enriched waters are 0.3 psu more saline than the parent waters, the above salt release is able to ventilate Storfjorden 4-5 times during the course of the productive season. [References: 36]
机译：盐水在北极地区的货架上呈咸水和冷水底层，是在海冰形成过程中通过排盐形成的。在潜热的多年生高产中，例如在Storfjorden出现北风时，会产生大量的冰。使用ERS-2合成孔径雷达图像，我们在1997/1998年冬季观察了Storfjorden的冰盖，揭示了6000多平方公里（2）的开放水域和薄冰区，这是一类多年生植物的特征。 Polynya范围的变化与简单的风驱动的polynya大小算法紧密相关。此外，使用Frazil冰的形成算法和在polynya背风侧积冰的假设，我们区分了开水，稀冰和快速/堆积冰。 6个冬季月份的平均多年生虫宽度约为30公里，3月最大为130公里。因此，Storfjorden由5/6的速溶冰块和冰块和1/6的多尼亚组成。另一半是由汹涌的冰和稀薄的冰组成，它们参与了漂流和漂流。 1997年11月15日至1998年5月15日之间，Storfjorden的冰总量为40 km（3）。其中约有57％的冰形成于开放水域中。 9％，在薄冰地区;和34％（在快速/零散冰区）。这种冰的生产释放了超过1 Gt（十亿吨）的盐，能够使Storfjorden水域的盐度提高1.4个实用盐度单位（psu）。假设富含盐水的水比母水多0.3 psu，则在生产季节，上述盐释放能够使Storfjorden通风4-5次。 [参考：36]

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