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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Determining the source of strong LF/VLF TIPP events: Implications for association with NPBPs and NNBPs
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Determining the source of strong LF/VLF TIPP events: Implications for association with NPBPs and NNBPs

机译：确定强烈的LF / VLF TIPP事件的来源：与NPBP和NNBP关联的含义

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Transionospheric pulse pairs (TIPPs) as detected by the Blackbeard VHF radio instrument onboard the ALEXIS satellite have been shown to correlate with pulses detected by stations in the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). The short peak-to-zero time of these NLDN-detected pulses (<10 mu s) are indicative of interior cloud processes, as opposed to the longer pulses associated with cloud-to-ground discharges. TIPPs are most probably generated by the same discharge responsible for narrow bipolar pulses (NBPs), which have been detected on the ground but are also believed to be generated entirely inside the cloud. Here we report on five TIPPs detected by Blackbeard that are correlated with cloud-generated pulses detected by multiple stations in the NLDN during powerful storms. Previously, a maximum of two stations at a time showed such a correlation. Given the greater area of detection, these pulses radiate more powerfully in the LF/VLF frequencies than those previously detected as TIPPs by Blackbeard. We are able to place the sources of the TIPPs in Hurricane Fausto off the coast of Mexico, and in a remnant of the same storm eight days later over Texas. The heights of the sources are higher than those previously determined for TIPPs. The higher altitudes and the greater power of the TIPP-correlating signals may be related to the intensity of the storms. Two of these five TIPPs were also correlated with the ground detection of HF signals, and the TIPPs and HF signals were determined to originate from the same source region. These HF signals are similar to those previously recorded with the field change signature of narrow positive bipolar pulses (NPBPs), but we find that both polarities are detected, four out of the five being negative. This indicates that TIPPs correlate with narrow negative bipolar pulses (NNBPs) as well as NPBPs. The detection of NNBPs, which has previously been much rarer than NPBPs, may also be related to the intensity of the storms and the resultant higher-altitude sources. [References: 18]
机译：由ALEXIS卫星上的Blackbeard VHF无线电仪器检测到的跨电离层脉冲对（TIPP）已显示与国家闪电探测网络（NLDN）中的站所检测到的脉冲相关。这些NLDN检测到的脉冲的短峰到零时间（<10μs）指示内部云过程，而不是与云对地放电相关的较长脉冲。 TIPP很可能由负责窄双极脉冲（NBP）的相同放电产生，该脉冲已在地面上被检测到，但据信也完全在云内部产生。在这里，我们报告了Blackbeard检测到的五个TIPP，它们与强风暴期间NLDN中多个站点检测到的云生成脉冲相关。以前，一次最多两个站显示出这种相关性。考虑到较大的检测区域，这些脉冲在LF / VLF频率上的辐射比以前由Blackbeard检测为TIPP的脉冲更强。我们能够将TIPP的源头放在墨西哥海岸的Fausto飓风中，并在八天后的德克萨斯州同一场暴风中留下来。源的高度高于先前为TIPP确定的高度。 TIPP相关信号的更高海拔和更大功率可能与风暴强度有关。这五个TIPP中的两个也与HF信号的地面检测相关，并且TIPP和HF信号被确定源自同一源区域。这些HF信号类似于以前使用窄正双极脉冲（NPBP）的场变化信号记录的HF信号，但是我们发现检测到两个极性，五个极性中的四个为负极性。这表明TIPP与窄负双极脉冲（NNBP）以及NPBP相关。以前比NPBP稀少的NNBP的探测，也可能与风暴强度和由此产生的高海拔源有关。 [参考：18]

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