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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Effects of the fungicides mancozeb and chlorothalonil on fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 in a fertilized Colorado grassland soil - art. no. D05303
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Effects of the fungicides mancozeb and chlorothalonil on fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 in a fertilized Colorado grassland soil - art. no. D05303

机译：杀菌剂mancozeb和百菌清对施肥的科罗拉多州草地土壤中CO2，N2O和CH4的通量的影响-艺术。没有。 D05303

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1] Management of agricultural soil plays an important role in present and future atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). Pesticides are used as management tools in crop production, but little is known about their effects on soil-atmosphere exchange of CO2, N2O, and CH4. Field studies described in this paper determined the effect of two commonly used fungicides, mancozeb and chlorothalonil, on trace gas exchange. Separate experimental plots, 1 m 2, were established in nitrogen fertilized no-tilled native grassland and tilled soils with and without fungicide application. Two studies were conducted. The first study was initiated in June 1999 and lasted for 1 year with monthly flux measurements from tilled and no-till soils. The second study commenced in August 2001 with twelve weekly measurements from tilled soils only. From both studies mancozeb suppressed emissions of CO2 and N2O in the tilled soil by an average of 28% and 47%, respectively. This suppression corresponded with efficacy periods of 14-29 and 56-77 days, respectively. From the no-till soils mancozeb decreased CO2 and N2O emissions by 33% and 80% for periods of 29 and 94 days, respectively. Mancozeb inhibited CH4 consumption in the first study by 46% and 71% in the tilled and no-till soil for periods of 8 and 29 days, respectively, but had no effect in the second study. From both studies chlorothalonil initially suppressed CO2 and N2O emissions and enhanced CH4 uptake in the tilled soil by an average of 37%, 40%, and 115%, respectively. These effects corresponded with efficacy periods of 14-29, 21 - 56, and 1 - 14 days, respectively. In the no-till soil chlorothalonil inhibited CO2 and N2O emissions and enhanced CH4 uptake by 29%, 48%, and 86% for periods of 29, 56, and 56 days, respectively. Following the initial period of suppression, chlorothalonil subsequently enhanced N2O emissions in the tilled soil by an average of 51% and in the no-till soil by 81% before returning to near background levels. The beginning of increased N2O emissions from the chlorothalonil-amended plots corresponded with a maximum soil concentration of the chlorothalonil degradate, 4-hydroxy-2, 5, 6-trichloroisophthalonitrile. The site specific global warming potential (GWP) resulting from the fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 from all soils was determined to decrease by an average 26% and 21% as a result of a single application of mancozeb or chlorothalonil, respectively. The decrease in CO2 emissions in the fungicide-amended plots potentially could result in the conservation of as much as 1200 and 2400 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) organic carbon in the tilled and no-till plots, respectively. Therefore it is feasible that application of certain fungicides to agricultural soil might lead to enhanced soil carbon sequestration and thus have additional positive effects on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. [References: 82
机译：1]农业土壤的管理在当前和未来大气中的温室气体二氧化碳（CO2），一氧化二氮（N2O）和甲烷（CH4）的浓度中起着重要作用。农药被用作农作物生产中的管理工具，但对它们对土壤，大气中二氧化碳，一氧化二氮和甲烷交换的影响知之甚少。本文所述的田间研究确定了两种常用的杀菌剂，代森锰锌和百菌清对痕量气体交换的影响。在氮肥免耕天然草原和耕种土壤中（无论是否施用杀真菌剂）分别建立了1 m 2的试验田。进行了两项研究。第一项研究于1999年6月开始，历时1年，每月对耕种和免耕土壤进行通量测量。第二项研究于2001年8月开始，仅从耕种土壤中每周进行12次测量。从两项研究中，mancozeb均能使耕作土壤中的CO2和N2O排放分别平均降低28％和47％。这种抑制分别对应于14-29天和56-77天的有效期。从免耕土壤来看，在29天和94天的时间里，mancozeb分别减少了33％和80％的CO2和N2O排放。在第一个研究中，Mancozeb在耕作和免耕土壤中分别抑制CH4的消耗量分别为46％和71％，分别为8天和29天，但对第二个研究没有影响。从两项研究中，百菌清最初抑制耕作土壤中的CO2和N2O排放并分别增加CH4吸收，分别平均为37％，40％和115％。这些效果分别对应于14-29天，21-56天和1-14天的疗效期。在免耕土壤中百菌清分别抑制29天，56天和56天的CO2和N2O排放，并使CH4吸收增加29％，48％和86％。在最初的抑制期之后，百菌清随后使耕作土壤中的N2O排放量平均增加了51％，而免耕土壤中的N2O排放量则增加了81％，然后恢复到接近本底的水平。从百菌清修改的地块开始增加的N2O排放开始对应于百菌清降解物4-羟基-2、5、6-三氯间苯二甲腈的最大土壤浓度。确定的是，由于单次施用mancozeb或百菌清的结果，所有土壤中的CO2，N2O和CH4的通量导致的特定地点的全球变暖潜能（GWP）分别平均降低了26％和21％。在经过杀真菌剂改良的地块中，CO2排放量的减少可能分别导致在耕作和免耕地块分别保存多达1200和2400 kg C ha（-1）yr（-1）的有机碳。因此，向农业土壤中施用某些杀菌剂可能会导致土壤碳固存增加，从而对大气中的CO2浓度产生额外的积极影响是可行的。 [参考：82

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