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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Simulating nonsorted circle development in arctic tundra ecosystems
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Simulating nonsorted circle development in arctic tundra ecosystems

机译：模拟北极苔原生态系统中的非分类圆发展

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Nonsorted circles, ubiquitous to the Arctic Tundra region, are patterned ground features with circular semibarren areas surrounded by vegetation. These circles are formed and persist as an ecosystem due to complex soil-water-energy-ice-plant relationships and dynamics in the Arctic. In this paper, we present the first model that captures the dynamics of the physical and biological components of the nonsorted circle ecosystem in order to understand its formation and persistence, especially in a changing climatic environment. We have applied a coupled model describing (1) vegetation dynamics (ArcVeg) and (2) coupled heat and moisture transport with phase change (WIT) in the active layer of the soil where such circles are initiated and developed. We simulated the system behavior during the formation process starting with a random vegetation development. The vegetation provided heterogeneous insulation to the soil surface. During freezing, the noninsulated areas froze first, resulting in preferential ice accumulation in those areas. The ice prevented the vegetation from developing further in those areas and thus developed and stabilized the nonsorted circle pattern. The model produced a nonsorted circle pattern that was well compared to those observed in the field. The model also illustrated that the availability of water was critical for the sustenance and stability of the nonsorted circle. The effect of climatic variations on the freezing process on the other hand did not seem to affect the formation and sustenance of nonsorted circles.
机译：北极苔原地区无处不在的未分类圆是地面被图案化的特征，具有被植物包围的圆形半贫瘠区域。由于北极中复杂的土壤-水-能量-冰-植物关系和动力学，这些圆圈形成并作为一个生态系统持续存在。在本文中，我们提出了第一个模型，该模型捕获了非分类循环生态系统的物理和生物组件的动力学，以了解其形成和持久性，尤其是在气候变化的环境中。我们已经应用了一个耦合模型，该模型描述了（1）植被动力学（ArcVeg）和（2）在土壤的活动层中热和水分的传输与相变（WIT）的耦合，在这些土壤中，这种圈开始并形成了。我们从随机的植被发育开始模拟了形成过程中的系统行为。植被为土壤表面提供了不同种类的绝缘。在冻结过程中，非隔热区域首先冻结，从而导致这些区域优先积冰。冰阻止了这些地区的植被进一步发展，从而发展并稳定了未分类的圆形格局。该模型产生了未分类的圆形图案，与实地观察到的相比很好。该模型还表明，水的可用性对于未分类圆的维持和稳定至关重要。另一方面，气候变化对冻结过程的影响似乎并未影响未分类圆的形成和维持。

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