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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Methanotrophic bacteria occupy benthic microbial mats in shallow marine hydrocarbon seeps, Coal Oil Point, California
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Methanotrophic bacteria occupy benthic microbial mats in shallow marine hydrocarbon seeps, Coal Oil Point, California

机译：加利福尼亚州煤油点的浅层海洋碳氢化合物渗漏中，甲烷营养细菌占据底栖微生物垫

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Microbial mats composed of giant sulfur bacteria are observed throughout the benthos along continental margins. These communities serve to oxidize dissolved sulfides to sulfate, and are typically associated with the recent exposure of sulfide-rich sediments. Such mats are also ubiquitous in areas of hydrocarbon seepage, where they are thought to consume sulfide generated in underlying sediment. Despite the high abundance of dissolved methane in hydrocarbon seeps, few studies have considered the importance of methanotrophy in mat communities. To assess the importance of methanotrophs in microbial mats from hydrocarbon seeps, an approach involving lipid biomarkers, stable isotopes and enrichment culturing was applied. Microbial mat samples were collected from benthic surfaces at two hydrocarbon seeps located in the Coal Oil Point seep field, offshore from Goleta, California. Both samples display a high abundance of 16:1 fatty acids, including two isomers specific to type I methanotrophic bacteria, 16:1(ω8) and 16:1(ω6). Depleted values of δ 13C found in 16:1 fatty acids suggests methane assimilation into biomass, whereas three separate investigations of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria yield fractionation factors too small to account for these values. On the basis of these observations and experiments, an isotope mass balance was applied to fatty acids present in the microbial mat samples which indicates methanotrophs contribute up to 46% of total fatty acids. These results implicate methanotrophy as an important function for microbial mats in seep areas, despite the visual appearance of these mats as being composed of giant sulfur bacteria.
机译：在整个大陆架沿大陆边缘的底栖动物中都观察到了由巨大的硫细菌组成的微生物垫。这些群落用于将溶解的硫化物氧化为硫酸盐，并且通常与最近暴露的富含硫化物的沉积物有关。这种垫层在烃类渗流区域也很普遍，据认为它们会消耗下层沉积物中产生的硫化物。尽管碳氢化合物渗漏中溶解的甲烷含量很高，但很少有研究考虑甲烷氧化在垫层群落中的重要性。为了评估甲烷渗出物在烃类渗出物微生物垫中的重要性，采用了一种涉及脂质生物标志物，稳定同位素和富集培养的方法。微生物垫样品是从位于加利福尼亚州哥列塔附近的煤油点渗漏场中的两个碳氢化合物渗漏的底栖表面收集的。两种样品均显示出高丰度的16：1脂肪酸，包括对I型甲烷营养细菌具有特异性的两种异构体，即16：1（ω8）和16：1（ω6）。在16：1脂肪酸中发现的δ13C耗竭值表明甲烷同化为生物质，而对硫化物氧化细菌的三项单独研究得出的分馏因子太小，无法说明这些值。基于这些观察和实验，对微生物垫样品中存在的脂肪酸进行了同位素质量平衡，这表明甲烷营养菌占脂肪酸总量的46％。这些结果暗示甲烷异养作用是渗水区微生物垫的重要功能，尽管这些垫的视觉外观是由巨大的硫细菌组成。

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